ʻO 100 mau kula lapaʻau kiʻekiʻe ma ka honua 2023

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Nā Kula Laeoʻo 100 kiʻekiʻe ma ka Honua
Nā Kula Laeoʻo 100 kiʻekiʻe ma ka Honua

Pono nā haumāna e makemake e kūkulu i nā ʻoihana lapaʻau kūleʻa e noʻonoʻo e aʻo a loaʻa i kahi kēkelē lāʻau lapaʻau mai kekahi o nā kula olakino 100 kiʻekiʻe ma ka honua.

I ka hiki ʻana i ka hoʻonaʻauao olakino, pono ʻoe i ka mea maikaʻi loa, hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia e nā kula olakino maikaʻi loa o ka honua. Hāʻawi kēia mau kula i ka hoʻonaʻauao olakino kiʻekiʻe a me nā ʻano loea e koho ai.

Hiki ke paʻakikī ka ʻimi ʻana i ke kula olakino maikaʻi loa no ka mea he nui nā koho. No ke kōkua ʻana iā ʻoe i ka hana ʻana i ka koho maikaʻi loa, ua hōʻuluʻulu mākou i kahi papa inoa o nā koleke olakino 100 kiʻekiʻe a puni ka Honua.

Heaha ka Laau Kauka?

ʻO ke kēkelē lapaʻau kahi kēkelē hoʻonaʻauao e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻopau ʻana o kahi papahana ma ke kula lāʻau lapaʻau mai kahi kula lapaʻau i ʻae ʻia.

Hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ke kēkelē lapaʻau laepua i 6 mau makahiki a hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ke kēkelē lapaʻau puka ma 4 mau makahiki.

Nā ʻano o nā Degere Lapaʻau

ʻO nā ʻano maʻamau o nā kēkelē lapaʻau:

1. Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery

Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery, i hoʻopau pinepine ʻia ʻo MBBS, he kēkelē lapaʻau laepua. ʻO ia ke kēkelē lapaʻau mua i hāʻawi ʻia e nā kula olakino ma UK, Australia, Kina, Hong Kong, Nigeria, etc.

Ua like kēia kēkelē me ke Kauka Lapaʻau (MD) a i ʻole Kauka o Osteopathic Medicine (DO). Hiki ke hoʻopau i loko o 6 mau makahiki.

2. Kauka Lapaʻau (MD)

ʻO Kauka Lapaʻau, i hoʻopau pinepine ʻia ʻo MD, he kēkelē lapaʻau puka. Ua loaʻa paha iā ʻoe ke kēkelē laepua ma mua o kou hiki ʻana i kēia papahana.

Ma UK, pono e hoʻokō pono kahi moho i kahi kēkelē MBBS ma mua o kona hiki ke koho ʻia no ka papahana MD.

Hāʻawi ʻia ka papahana MD e nā kula olakino ma US, UK, Canada, a me Australia.

3. Kauka o Osteopathic Medicine

Kauka o Osteopathic Medicine, maʻamau i hoʻopau ʻia ʻo DO, ua like ia me kahi kekelē MD. Pono ʻoe e hoʻopau i kahi kēkelē laepua e hiki ai ke koho i kēia papahana.

ʻO ka papahana Kauka o Osteopathic Medicine (DO) ka mea nui i ka mālama ʻana i ka mea maʻi ma ke ʻano he kanaka holoʻokoʻa, ma mua o ka mālama ʻana i kekahi mau maʻi.

4. Kauka o ka Podiatric Medicine (DPM)

ʻO Kauka o ka Podiatric Medicine (DPM) kahi kēkelē e kālele ana i ka mālama ʻana a me ka pale ʻana i nā kūlana kūlohelohe o ka wāwae a me nā kuʻekuʻe wāwae.

No ke koho ʻana i kēia papahana pono ʻoe i hoʻopau i ke kēkelē laepua ma ke kula lapaʻau.

Nā Kula Laeoʻo 100 kiʻekiʻe ma ka Honua 

Ua helu ʻia kēia mau kula olakino 100 kiʻekiʻe ma ka honua ma muli o ka hana hoʻonaʻauao, hana noiʻi, a me ka helu o nā papahana lapaʻau a lākou e hāʻawi ai i nā haumāna.

Aia ma lalo kahi papa e hōʻike ana i nā kula olakino 100 kiʻekiʻe ma ka Honua:

RankKe inoa o ka KulanuiLocation
1Harvard UniversityCambridge, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
2Kulanui o OxfordʻOxford, United Kingdom.
3Ke Kulanuiʻo StanfordStanford, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
4Kulanui o CambridgeCambridge, United Kingdom.
5Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
6Kulanui o TorontoToronto, Ontario, Kanada.
7UCL - Ke Kulanui o LādanaLākana, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
8Ka Waihona o Imperial College London Lākana, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
9Ke Kulanui YaleLani Hou, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
10Ke Kulanui o Kaleponi, Los AngelesLos Angeles, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
11Columbia UniversityKe kūlanakauhale ʻo Nu Ioka, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
12Karolinska InsititutetStockholm, Kuekene.
13Ke Kulanui o Kaleponi San FranciscoʻO San Francisco
14Ke KeʻenaʻOihana Hoʻonaʻauaoʻo Massachusetts (MIT) Cambridge, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
15University o PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
16Ke Kula Nui o King ma Lākana Lākana, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
17Kulanui o WakinekonaSeattle, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
18Ke Kulanui DukeDurham, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
19Kulanui o MelbourneParkville, Australia.
20Kulanuiʻo SydneySydney, Australia.
21Kula Nui o ke Kulanui o Singapore (NUS)ʻO Singapore, Singapore.
22Ke Kulanuiʻo McGill Montréal, Kanada.
23Ke Kulanui o Kaleponi San DiegoSan Diego
24Kulanuiʻo'EdinburghʻEdinburgh, United Kingdom.
25Kulanui o Michigan - Ann ArborAnn - Arbor, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
26ʻO McMaster UniversityHamilton, Kanada.
27Ke Kulanuiʻo Washington ma St. LouisSt. Louis, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
28University o ChicagoKikako, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
29Kulanui o British ColumbiaWanekoua, Kanada.
30Reprecht - Karls Universitat Heidelburg.Heidelburg, Kelemānia
31Cornell UniversityIthaca,, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa
32Ke Kulanui o Hong KongHong Kong SAR.
33Ke Kulanui o TokyoTokyo, Iapana.
34Kulanuiʻo Monash Melbourne, Australia.
35Seoul National UniversitySeoul, Korea Hema.
36Ludwig - Maximillians Universitat MunchenMunich, Kelemānia.
37Northwestern UniversityEvanston, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
38Ke Kulanui o New York (NYU)Ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Nu Ioka, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
39Ke Kulanuiʻo EmoryAtlanta, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
40KU LeuvenLeuven, Kelekia
41Ke Kula Nuiʻo BostonBoston,, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
42Ke Kulaʻo'Erasmus RotterdamRotterdam, Holani.
43Kulanuiʻo GlasgowGlasgow, United Kingdom.
44Kulanui o QueenslandBrisbane City, Australia.
45Kulanui o ManchesterManchester, Aupuni Mōʻī Hui Pū ʻia.
46Ke Kulanui Kina o Hong Kong (CUHK) Hong Kong SAR
47Kulanui oʻAmelika Amsterdam, Holani.
48Ke Kula Nui o ka Olakino a me ka lāʻau laʻau Honolulu, United Kingdom.
49ʻO Sybonne UniversityPalani
50Kula Nui o MunichMunich, Kelemānia.
51Ke Kulanui o BaylorHouston, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
52National Taiwan University (NTU)Kōkua ʻo Taipei, Taiwan
53Ke Kulanui o New South Wales Sydney (UNSW) Sydney, Australia.
54Kulanui o CopenhagenKopenhagen, Denemaka.
55Kula Nui o MunichMunich, Kelemānia.
56Kulanui o ZurichZurich, Kuikilana.
57Ke Kulanuiʻo KyotoKyoto, Iapana.
58Ke Kulanui PekingPekina, Kina.
59Kulanui o BarcelonaPakelona, ​​Sepania.
60kulanui o PittsburghPittsburgh, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
61Kulanui UtrechtUtrecht, Holani.
62Ke Kulanui o YonseiKōlea, Kōlea Hema.
63ʻO Queen Mary Kulanui o LākanaHonolulu, United Kingdom.
64Kulanui o BirminghamBirmingham, United Kingdom.
65Charite - Universitatsmedizin BerlinBerlin, Kelemānia
66Kulanui o BristolBristol, United Kingdom.
67ʻO Keiden UniversityLeiden, Holani.
68Kulanui o BirminghamBirmingham, United Kingdom.
69ʻO ZurichZurich, Kuikilana.
70Ke Kulaʻo FudanShanghai, Kina.
71Ke Kulanui ʻo VanderblitNashville, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
72Kulanui o LiverpoolLiverpool, United Kingdom.
73Kulanui BrownProvidence, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
74Kula Hanamaileʻo ViennaWiena, Australia.
75Kulanui o MontrealMontréal, Kanada.
76Ke Kulanuiʻo LundLund, Suedena.
77Ke Kulanui o Sao PauloSao Paulo, Palakila.
78Kulanui o GroningenGroningen, Holani.
79Kulanuiʻo Milan Milana, Ikalia.
80Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam, Holani.
81Ohio State UniversityColumbus, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
82Kulanui o OsloOslo, Norewai.
83Kulanui o CalgaryCalgary, Kanada.
84ʻO Ke Kula ʻO ʻIkahn Kaukaʻi ma ka mauna SinaiKe kūlanakauhale ʻo Nu Ioka, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
85Kulanui o SouthamptonSouthampton, United Kingdom.
86Ke Kulanui o MaastrichtMaastricht, Holani.
87Kulanui o NewcastleʻO Newcastle Upon Tyno, United Kingdom.
88Mayo Medical SchoolRochester, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
89Kulanui o BolognaBologna, Italia.
90Ke Kulanui ʻO Sungkyunkwan (SKKU)Suwon, Kōlea Hema.
91Ke Kulanui o Texas Southern Medical Center ma DallasDallas, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
92Kulanui o AlbertaEdmonton, Kanada.
93ʻO Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, Kina.
94Kulanui o BernBern, Kuikilana.
95Kulanui o NottinghamNottingham, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
96Kulanui o Kaleponi Hema Los Angeles, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
97Ke Kula Nui o Western ReserveOhio, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa
98Kulanui o GothenburgGothenburg, Suedena.
99Ke Kulanuiʻo UppsalaUppsala, Kuekene.
100Kulanui o FloridaHawaii, United States

Ka papa inoa o nā Koleke Lapaʻau maikaʻi loa ma ka honua

Aia ma lalo kahi papa inoa o nā koleke olakino 10 kiʻekiʻe ma ka Honua:

ʻO 10 mau kula kiʻekiʻe ma ka honua

1. Harvard University

Kālā: $67,610

ʻO ke Kula Lapaʻau ʻo Harvard ke kula olakino puka o ke Kulanui ʻo Harvard, aia ma Boston, Massachusetts, United States. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia i ka makahiki 1782.

ʻO kāna kumu nui e hōʻoluʻolu i ka ʻeha kanaka ma o ka hānai ʻana i kahi hui like ʻole o nā alakaʻi a me nā alakaʻi i ka wā e hiki mai ana i ka nīnau lapaʻau a me ka biomedical.

Hāʻawi ʻo Harvard Medical School i nā papahana aʻe:

  • Polokalamu MD
  • Nā papahana Master of Medical Sciences
  • Ph.D. nā papahana
  • Nā papa hana hoʻokolohua
  • Nā papahana hui pū: MD-MAD, MD-MMSc, ​​MD-MBA, MD-MPH, a me MD-MPP.

2. Kulanui o Oxford

Kālā: £9,250 no nā haumāna home a me £36,800 no nā haumāna honua

ʻO ke Kulanui o Oxford he mahele ʻepekema lapaʻau, aia ma kahi o 94 mau keʻena. ʻO ka māhele ʻepekema lapaʻau ka mea nui loa o nā māhele kula ʻehā i loko o ke Kulanui o Oxford.

Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke Kula Lapaʻau ʻo Oxford ma 1936.

Aia ia ma waena o nā kula olakino kiʻekiʻe ma ʻEulopa.

Hāʻawi ka Medical Science Division i nā papahana aʻe:

  • Nā papahana laepua ma Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences, Experimental Psychology, and Medicine
  • Lapaau-puka komo
  • Noiʻi a aʻo ʻia i nā papahana puka puka
  • Hoʻomohala ʻoihana a me nā papa aʻo.

3. Stanford University

Kālā: $21,249

ʻO Stanford School of Medicine ke kula lapaʻau o Stanford University, aia ma Palo Alto, Stanford, Kaleponi, United States.

Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ma 1858 ma ke ʻano he keʻena olakino o ke Kulanui o ka Pākīpika.

He 4 mau keʻena a me nā Institute ʻo Stanford School of Medicine. Hāʻawi ia i nā papahana aʻe:

  • Polokalamu MD
  • Nā polokalamu kōkua kauka (PA).
  • Ph.D. nā papahana
  • Nā polokalamu haku
  • Nā papahana aʻo ʻoihana
  • Nā papahana kula kiʻekiʻe a me ke kula haʻahaʻa
  • ʻElua degere: MD/Ph.D., Ph.D./MSM, MD/MPH, MD/MS, MD/MBA, MD/JD, MD/MPP, etc.

4. Kulanui o Cambridge

Kālā: £60,942 (no nā haumāna honua)

Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke Kulanui o Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine ma 1946, aia ma Cambridge, ʻEnelani, United Kingdom.

Ke manaʻo nei ʻo University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine e hāʻawi i ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻonaʻauao, ʻike, a me ka mālama olakino.

Hāʻawi ke Kula o Clinical Medicine i nā papahana aʻe:

  • Polokalamu Hoʻonaʻauao Lapaʻau
  • MD/Ph.D. papahana
  • Noiʻi a aʻo i nā papa puka puka.

5. Ke Kulanui o John Hopkins

Kālā: $59,700

ʻO ke kula ʻo John Hopkins University School of Medicine ke kula olakino o John Hopkins University, ke kulanui noiʻi mua o ʻAmelika.

Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo John Hopkins University School of Medicine ma 1893 a aia ma Baltimore, Maryland, United States.

Hāʻawi ke kula o ka lāʻau lapaʻau i nā papahana aʻe:

  • Polokalamu MD
  • Degere hui: MD/Ph.D., MD/MBA, MD/MPH, MD/MSHIM
  • Nā papahana puka puka biomedical
  • Nā papahana papa
  • Ke hoʻomau nei i nā papahana hoʻonaʻauao olakino.

6. Kulanui o Toronto

Kālā: $23,780 no nā haumāna kūloko a me $91,760 no nā haumāna honua

ʻO ka Temerty Faculty of Medicine ke kula lapaʻau o ke Kulanui o Toronto, kahi kulanui noiʻi lehulehu ma Kanada.

ʻIke ʻia i ka makahiki 1843, ʻo ka Temerty Faculty of Medicine kekahi o nā kula kahiko loa o Kanada no nā haʻawina olakino. Aia ia ma Downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

ʻO ka Temerty Faculty of Medicine he 26 mau keʻena. ʻO kāna ʻoihana o ka radiation oncology ka ʻoihana nui loa o kāna ʻano ma Kanada.

Hāʻawi ka Temerty Faculty of Medicine i nā papahana aʻe:

  • Polokalamu MD
  • MD/Ph.D. papahana
  • Nā papahana hoʻonaʻauao lapaʻau postgraduate
  • Polokalamu Kokua Kauka (PA).
  • Ke hoʻomau nei i nā papahana hoʻomohala ʻoihana.

7. Ke Kulanui Kula Nui ʻo London (UCL)

Kālā: £5,690 no nā haumāna UK a me £27,480 no nā haumāna honua.

ʻO ke Kula Lapaʻau ʻo UCL kahi ʻāpana o ka Faculty of Medical Sciences, kekahi o nā kumu kula 11 o ke Kulanui ʻo University London (UCL). Aia ia ma Lākana, ʻEnelani, United Kingdom.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ma 1998 ma ke kula ʻo Royal Free and University College Medical School a ua kapa inoa ʻia ʻo UCL Medical School ma 2008.

Hāʻawi ʻo UCL Medical School i nā papahana aʻe:

  • polokalamu MBBS
  • Nā papahana palapala puka puka
  • MSc
  • Ph.D. nā papahana
  • MD/PhD
  • Ke hoʻomau nei i nā papa hoʻomohala ʻoihana.

8. Ke Kulanui Imperial London (ICL)

Kālā: £9,250 no nā haumāna home a me £46,650 no nā haumāna honua

ʻO ke Kula Lapaʻau ʻo ICL kahi ʻāpana o ka Faculty of Medicine ma Imperial College London (ICL). Aia ia ma Lākana, ʻEnelani, United Kingdom.

Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka Faculty of Medicine ma 1997 ma o ka hui pū ʻana o nā kula lapaʻau nui ma ke komohana o London. ʻO ka Imperial's Faculty of Medicine kekahi o nā mea nui loa ma ʻEulopa.

Hāʻawi ʻo Imperial College School of Medicine i nā papahana aʻe:

  • Nā polokalamu MBBS
  • BSc Medical Biosciences
  • Ka papahana BSc Intercalated
  • Nā papahana noiʻi master a postgraduate
  • Nā papahana hoʻonaʻauao lapaʻau postgraduate.

9. Yale University

Kālā: $66,160

ʻO Yale School of Medicine ke kula lapaʻau puka ma ke Kulanui ʻo Yale, kahi kulanui noiʻi pilikino aia ma New Haven, Connecticut, United States.

Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke kula ma 1810 ma ke ʻano he Medical Institution of Yale College a ua kapa ʻia ʻo Yale School of Medicine ma 1918. ʻO ia ke ono o ke kula olakino kahiko loa ma US.

Hāʻawi ʻo Yale School of Medicine i nā papahana aʻe:

  • Polokalamu MD
  • Nā papahana hui: MD/Ph.D., MD/MHS, MD/MBA, MD/MPH, MD/JD, MD/MS ma Personalized Medicine and Applied Engineering
  • Nā polokalamu kōkua kauka (PA).
  • Nā polokalamu ola kino
  • Ph.D. nā papahana
  • Palapala i ka Lapaau honua.

10. Ke Kulanui o Kaleponi, Los Angeles

Kālā: $38,920 no nā haumāna kūloko a me $51,175 no nā haumāna honua

ʻO UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine ke kula olakino o ke Kulanui o Kaleponi, Los Angeles. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia i ka makahiki 1951.

Hāʻawi ʻo UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine i nā papahana aʻe:

  • Polokalamu MD
  • Nā papahana papahana ʻelua
  • Nā papahana papahana like ʻole: MD/MBA, MD/MPH, MD/MPP, MD/MS
  • Ph.D. nā papahana
  • Ke hoʻomau nei i nā papa hoʻonaʻauao olakino.

Nā Koina o nā Kula Lapaʻau

  • ʻO ke koi koʻikoʻi no nā kula lapaʻau ʻo ia ka hana hoʻonaʻauao ikaika ʻo ia hoʻi nā māka maikaʻi a me nā helu hōʻike.
  • ʻOkoʻa nā koi komo ma muli o ka pae o ka papahana a me ka ʻāina aʻo. Ma lalo iho nei nā koi komo maʻamau no nā kula olakino ma Kanada, US, UK, a me Australia.

Nā Koina Kula Lapaʻau ʻAmelika a me Kanada

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kula olakino ma US a me Kanada e loaʻa i kēia mau koi komo:

  • Ke kēkelē laepua mai kahi kulanui i ʻae ʻia
  • Helu MCAT
  • Nā koi o ka papa premedical kūikawā: Biology, Chemistry Physics, Mathematics, and Behavioral Sciences.

Nā Koina o nā Kula Lapaʻau UK

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kula olakino ma UK e loaʻa i kēia mau koi komo:

  • ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke komo ʻana i ka biomedical (BMAT)
  • Pono nā moho e ʻike ikaika i ka Chemistry, Biology, Physics, and Mathematics
  • He papahana kēkelē laepua (no nā papahana puka).

Nā Koina o nā Kula Lapaʻau o Australia

Aia ma lalo iho nā koi maʻamau no nā kula olakino ma Australia:

  • Ke kēkelē haʻahaʻa
  • ʻO ka ho'āʻo komo ʻana o nā Kula Lapaʻau Australian Australian (GAMSAT) a i ʻole MCAT.

Pinepine ninau ninaninau 'ana i 

ʻEhia ka uku no ke aʻo ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau?

ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau kekahi o nā papahana pipiʻi loa e aʻo ai. Wahi a educationdata.org, ʻo ke kumu kūʻai maʻamau o kahi kula olakino ākea he $49,842.

Pehea ka lōʻihi e loaʻa ai ke kēkelē lapaʻau?

ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kēkelē lapaʻau e pili ana i ka pae o ka papahana. ʻEhā a ʻeono makahiki o ke aʻo ʻana ke kēkelē lapaʻau.

He aha nā ʻāina maikaʻi loa e aʻo ai i ka lāʻau lapaʻau?

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kula olakino maikaʻi loa ma ka honua aia ma US, UK, Canada, India, Netherlands, China, Sweden, Australia, a me Farani.

ʻEhia ka nui o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mea paʻa i ke kēkelē lapaʻau?

Pili kēia i ka pae o ke kēkelē lapaʻau i loaʻa. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻo kekahi me ka Ph.D. e loaʻa ana ke kēkelē ma mua o kekahi me ke kēkelē MBBS. Wahi a Medscape, he $316,00 ka awelika o ka uku o ka Specialist a he $217,000 ka uku o nā Kauka mālama mua.

Ke paipai pū mākou:

Panina

ʻO nā kula lapaʻau 100 kiʻekiʻe ka mea maikaʻi loa no nā haumāna lapaʻau makemake e makemake e kūkulu i kahi ʻoihana kūleʻa i ka ʻoihana olakino.

Inā ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hoʻonaʻauao olakino kiʻekiʻe kāu mea nui, a laila pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo e koho i kahi kula olakino mai nā koleke lapaʻau 100 kiʻekiʻe ma ka Honua.

Ua hiki mai mākou i ka hopena o kēia ʻatikala, ʻike ʻoe i ka ʻatikala kōkua? E haʻi mai iā mākou i kou mau manaʻo ma ka ʻatikala ma lalo.