Pali machitidwe ndi njira zabwino zothandizira ophunzira kuti azitha kumvetsetsa bwino m'mbuyomu m'mayeso kapena mayeso a Chingerezi ndipo nkhaniyi yofufuzidwa bwino komanso yodziwa zambiri yowerengera njira zomvetsetsa pa World Scholars Hub ikuthandizani kuti muchite izi.
Timalimbikitsa aliyense wowerenga izi kuti awerenge mosamala komanso moleza mtima pamzere uliwonse chifukwa chiganizo chilichonse m'nkhaniyi ndi chofunikira monga chinacho kuyambira pa mfundo zowerengera kumvetsetsa, njira yeniyeni yowerengera ndime zomvetsetsa, mawonekedwe a njira yoyenera mu. kumvetsetsa, ndi mawonekedwe a njira yosokoneza yomwe imakuwongolerani njira zoyenera zomwe mungafune kuti muthe kuyesa mayeso kapena mayeso anu omwe akubwera mwachangu komanso momasuka.
Izi ziwerengedwa kwanthawi yayitali koma dziwani kuti nkhaniyi ikusinthani masewera anu. Tiyeni tipite molunjika mu mfundo zomwe zingatifikitse ku njira zomvetsetsa zowerengera zomwe muyenera kuzidziwa pamene tikuzama m'nkhaniyi.
Ngati mukuyenera kukhala osatsimikiza za zomwe kulemba kumveketsa, mutha kuchezera Wikipedia kuti mudziwe zambiri za izo. Tiyeni tipite patsogolo.
M'ndandanda wazopezekamo
1. Mfundo ya Kuwerenga Kumvetsetsa
a.) Kuwunika kwa Mapangidwe a Syntactic of Peeling Anyezi
Dziwani kuti ndi ndime zazikulu zingati ndi ziganizo zomwe zili mu sentensi (zotchedwa anyezi kenako).
Ngati palibe "ndi" kapena "kapena" mu chiganizo, ndipo "ndi" chiganizo chisanachitike ndi chitatha, ndiye kuti kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kumapanga anyezi paokha. Peel khungu padera onani ngati pali koma kapena apobe mu sentensi. Ngati pali koma, komabe, kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kumakhala anyezi.
Onani ngati pali zizindikiro zapadera m'chiganizochi: semicolon, colon, dash, ndipo ngati pali ziganizo zingapo zochotsedwa.
Peel aliyense padera. Kuchokera pagawo loyamba, chotchedwa core subject-predicate-object structure, anyezi aliyense amapanga galamala, ngakhale ndi khungu.
Pezani tanthauzo la gawo lililonse, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito njira yofunsa mafunso kulumikiza ziganizozi kuti mupange chiganizo chovuta!
Pewani anyezi ndipo samalani kuti musalire.
b.) Chiganizo ndi Chiganizo Chothandizira
Pamene chiganizo choyamba cha ndime inayake ya ndondomeko ya chiganizo cha ziganizo, ndiye kuti chiganizo chothandizira ndicho malemba otsala a ndimeyi.
Chiganizo chomaliza, ndiye chiganizo chothandizira ndicho chiganizo chomaliza.
Chiganizo chapakati ndi chiganizo chisanachitike ndi pambuyo pake.
c.) Mfundo ya Coordinate Axis
ndiko kusankha tanthawuzo lomwe lili pafupi kwambiri ndi tanthauzo lenileni. Ngati siili pafupi, sankhani yomwe ili ndi kukula kwakukulu.
Ndikofunika kudziwa zero mfundo: mutu.
Tsimikizirani liwu lapakati:
Onani ngati pali mayina, mayina a malo, zilembo zazikulu, nthawi, deta, ndi zina zotero,
onani mutu, mlozera, ndi mawu ena kuti Dziwani zambiri. Afanizireni mmodzimmodzi ndikutsimikizira kuti chiganizocho ndi sanapezeke: mfundo ya dongosolo.
Kupatulapo pa mfundo yowerengera : Ndi iti mwa izi yomwe ili yolondola ? Yang'anani liwu lapakati kuchokera pazosankha ndikufanizira limodzi ndi limodzi. Mawu ena osalowerera ndale sangapezeke.
Mutha kuwerenga: Momwe Mungalembetsere Scholarship.
2. Njira Yeniyeni Yowerengera
Onetsetsani kuti mwayang'ana funso poyamba kuti mudziwe zomwe zikufunsidwa komanso kuti ndi funso lanji. (Kodi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mafunso ndi iti, ndikambirana pambuyo pake)
Ngati mukudziwa kuti ndi funso lanji, pezani njira ndi masitepe othetsera funsoli (kachiwiri, ndikambirana pambuyo pake).
Pezani ndime yogwirizana ndi nkhaniyi ndikupeza yankho lolondola mmenemo!
Mukamaliza funso, yang’anani pa tsinde la funso lotsatira ndi kupeza yankho m’ndime yotsatira. Nthawi zambiri, funso limodzi ndi ndime imodzi zimayenderana.
Mafunso monga “Ndi iti yomwe ili pansipa ndi iti yolakwika” nthawi zambiri amafanana ndi ndime, choncho ndi bwino kutero pamapeto!
Mukamaliza, onetsetsani kuti mwawerenga nkhaniyo kuti muwone ngati yankho limene mwasankha likugwirizana ndi mfundo yaikulu ya nkhaniyo
Pewani ofuna kuyankha omwe angapeze mayankho molingana ndi nzeru wamba osawerenga nkhaniyo! Chotero zimene zimawoneka kukhala zanzeru ziridi zolakwa!
Mutha kuwerenga Njira Zophunzirira Mwachangu komanso Mwachangu.
3. Makhalidwe a Njira Yolondola ndi Makhalidwe a Njira Yosokoneza
⊗1. Makhalidwe a Njira Yoyenera
Ndipotu, njira yoyenera ili ndi makhalidwe ena. Posankha yankho, mukhoza kumvetsera makhalidwe awa. Ngakhale simukudziwa izi, muyenera kukhala asayansi kwambiri.
Gawo 1: Zomwe zili mkati nthawi zambiri zimagwirizana ndi mutu wankhaniyo
Zimagwirizana ndi lingaliro lapakati la nkhaniyi. Mayankho olondola a zolemba zambiri amafanana ndi lingaliro lalikulu la nkhaniyi. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kusamala kwambiri ndi zosankha zomwe zimakhudzana ndi lingaliro lalikulu la nkhaniyi.
2: Udindo nthawi zambiri umakhala koyambirira, kumapeto, ndi kutembenuza kwa ndime yofananira
Mosafunikira kunena kuti, chiyambi, mapeto, ndi kutembenuza kwa ndime ndizo mfundo zazikulu za nkhaniyo, ndipo ndi malo amene mutuwo umafunsidwa kaŵirikaŵiri. Ndikoyenera kumvetsera.
Chachitatu: Polembanso mawuwo, tcherani khutu m'malo ofanana, mawu obwerezabwereza kapena otsutsana m'mawu oyamba.
Kulowetsa m'malo amodzi, mawu obwerezabwereza, kapena mawu obwerezabwereza ndi njira zitatu zodziwika bwino zolembera mayankho. Kuwamvetsetsa ndikofanana ndi kuzindikira vutolo m’lingaliro lolingalira.
4: Kamvekedwe ka mawu nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono komanso tanthauzo
Mayankho a mafunso ena, makamaka mafunso ongoyerekeza, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono komanso tanthauzo, monga mwina, kuwonetsa kulumikizana kwamalingaliro.
Gawo 5: Nthawi zambiri imakhala yamba komanso yozama.
Popeza kuti cholinga cha mayeso oŵerengera ndicho nsonga zazikulu ndi mfundo zazikulu za nkhaniyo, kaŵirikaŵiri mayankho amakhala achidule ndi ozama. Choncho, posankha yankho, samalani ndi zimene zili ndi mfundo zazing’ono kwambiri.
Pamene mukuwerenga mafunso, ngati mungathe kuganiza molingana ndi malemba oyambirira ndikuphatikiza makhalidwe asanu a yankho lolondola pamwambapa, zotsatira zake zidzakhala zabwino.
⊗2 pa. Zosankha Zosokoneza
① Zimawoneka zomveka, koma kwenikweni, zimachotsedwa pamalingaliro.
Kapena zosankha zodzikongoletsera pogwiritsa ntchito malingaliro amoyo omwe sanatchulidwe m'nkhaniyi.
Mutenge mfundo ndi mfundo za m’nkhaniyo monga mfundo yaikulu ndi kutenga maganizo a mbali imodzi, yachiŵiri monga mfundo yaikulu.
Choncho, tiyenera kupeza maziko a lembalo ndi kupeza yankho. Zimene zimawoneka zomveka si yankho lolondola kwenikweni.
Pamutu waukulu, tiyenera kuthetsa kusokoneza mwatsatanetsatane ndi kumvetsa mutu wa nkhaniyo.
②Kuba matabwa ndi kusintha nsanamira, kudzikuza komanso kuvala
Mutha kusintha magawo ang'onoang'ono a chiganizo choyambirira kapena sinthani mawu kapena zofananira m'nkhaniyo ndikuzipanga kukhala zabodza.
Kaya m'malo ena, chifukwa chake ndi chotsatira, zotsatira zake ndi zomwe zimayambitsa, ndipo maganizo a ena kapena malingaliro otsutsidwa ndi wolemba ndi maganizo a wolemba.
Chifukwa chake, tiyenera kusamala kuti zosankha zomwe zikufanana kwambiri sizingakhale zolondola pokhapokha ngati digiri ndi kuchuluka kwake zikufanana ndendende ndi zolemba zoyambirira.
Tiyenera kulabadira kuti: “Malemba oyambirira, m’pamenenso sangakhale olondola”!
③Gwiritsani ntchito matanthauzo anthawi zonse m'malo mwa matanthauzo apang'ono. M'mafunso otanthawuza mawu otanthauza chiganizo, tanthauzo lodziwika bwino la liwu kapena chiganizo chofufuzidwa nthawi zambiri limawonedwa ngati chinthu chosokoneza.
④ Kukula kwambiri. Samalani ngati zosankhazo zili kutali kwambiri ndi nkhaniyo, ndipo musagwiritse ntchito mopambanitsa.
⑤Chisankho chosokoneza kwambiri ndi theka chabwino ndi cholakwika.
Mutha kuwerenga 10 makoleji a pa intaneti omwe amakulipirani kuti mupite nawo.
Mitundu Yamafunso Wamba ndi Njira Zowerengera Kumvetsetsa
Mitundu yamafunso odziwika kuti mumvetsetse bwino imaphatikizapo:
- Mafunso amutu,
- Mafunso mwatsatanetsatane,
- Mafunso Ofunsidwa ndi
- Mafunso a Tanthauzo la Mawu.
1. Nkhani (Mafunso)
Mbali zake: Funso la mtundu umenewu nthawi zambiri limagwiritsa ntchito mawu monga mutu, mutu, mfundo yaikulu, mutu, mutu, ndi zina zotero. Mafunso okhudza mutu nthawi zambiri amagawidwa m'mawu opatsa chidwi komanso mtundu wamalingaliro wamba. Tiyeni tione mitundu iwiriyi.
(a) Mtundu wa Induction Standard
Mawonekedwe: zazifupi komanso zazifupi, nthawi zambiri kuposa mawu amodzi; kufotokoza mwamphamvu, kawirikawiri kuphimba tanthauzo la malemba onse; kulondola kwamphamvu, kuchuluka kwa mawu kuyenera kukhala koyenera, ndipo mulingo wa semantic kapena mtundu sungathe kusinthidwa mwakufuna. Mafomu odziwika bwino ndi awa:
Kodi mutu wabwino kwambiri wamawu ndi uti?
Mutu wabwino kwambiri wa ndimeyi ndi ___.
Ndi uti mwa awa womwe ungakhale mutu wabwino kwambiri wa ndimeyi?
(b) Fotokozani mwachidule mfundo yaikulu
Kuphatikizapo kupeza mutu ndi lingaliro lalikulu la nkhaniyi.
Mafomu odziwika bwino ndi awa:
Kodi lingaliro lalikulu la ndimeyi ndi chiyani?
Ndi iti mwa zotsatirazi yomwe ikufotokoza lingaliro lalikulu?
Kodi ndi nkhani yotani imene ikukambidwa m’lembalo?
Nkhaniyi ikunena za chiyani?
maluso othetsera mavuto
Nkhaniyi nthawi zambiri imakhala yotsutsa komanso yofotokozera. Mapangidwe a nkhaniyo atha kufotokozedwa mwachidule ngati kufunsa mafunso-kukambirana zamavuto-kutengera malingaliro kapena kumveketsa malingaliro.
Pankhani yamtunduwu, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa chiganizo chamutu, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimawonekera kumayambiriro kapena kumapeto kwa nkhaniyo. Chiganizo chamutuwu chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe achidule komanso achidule. Malo a chiganizo cha mutu m'nkhani makamaka ali ndi zotsatirazi.
① Kumayambiriro kwa ndime: Nthawi zambiri, m'nkhani yolembedwa pochotsa, chiganizo chamutu nthawi zambiri chimakhala kumayambiriro kwa nkhaniyo, ndiye kuti mutuwo umatchulidwa koyamba, ndiyeno mawu enieni amapangidwa mozungulira mutuwu.
Kuti muwone ngati chiganizo choyamba ndi chiganizo chamutu, mutha kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane mgwirizano pakati pa chiganizo choyamba cha ndimeyo ndi chiganizo chachiwiri ndi chachitatu; Ngati chiganizo choyamba chafotokozedwa, kukambirana, kapena kufotokozedwa kuchokera mu chiganizo chachiwiri, ndiye kuti chiganizo choyamba ndi mutu wa mutu.
M'ndime zina, pali mawu owonetsera omwe amatsogolera kutsatanetsatane pambuyo pa chiganizo cha mutu, monga mwachitsanzo, chitsanzo cha; choyamba, chachiwiri, chotsatira, chotsiriza, chotsiriza; kuyamba pomwe, naponso, pambali; chimodzi, china; ena, ena, etc.
Powerenga, mawu azizindikiro pamwambapa akuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito momwe angathere kuti adziwe komwe kuli chiganizo cha mutuwo.
② Kumapeto kwa ndimeyi: Nkhani zina zidzandandalika zowona kumayambiriro, ndiyeno kufotokoza mfundo yaikulu ya wolembayo kupyolera m’kutsutsana. Choncho, ngati chiganizo choyamba sichiri chonse kapena chokwanira, ndi bwino kuwerenga mwamsanga chiganizo chomaliza cha ndimeyi kuti muwone ngati chiri ndi zizindikiro za chiganizo cha mutu.
Ngati ili ndi mawonekedwe a chiganizo chamutu, lingaliro la mutu wa ndimeyo limatha kutsimikizika mosavuta. Kaŵirikaŵiri, pamene lingaliro lili lovuta kufotokoza kwa ena kapena lili lovuta kuvomerezedwa ndi ena, chiganizo cha mutuwo sichiwonekera kufikira kumapeto kwa ndime.
Ophunzira angagwiritse ntchito mokwanira mawu achizindikiro omwe amatsogolera ku mfundo. Monga choncho, chotero, chotero, chotero; pomaliza, mwachidule; m'mawu, kufotokoza mwachidule, ndi zina zotero kuti mudziwe malo a chiganizo cha mutu womwe uli kumapeto kwa ndime. Ngati palibe chizindikiro chodziwikiratu chamtunduwu, ophunzira atha kuwonjezera mawu otsogolera kumapeto chiganizo chomaliza cha ndimeyi chisanachitike kuti adziwe ngati ndi chiganizo chamutu.
③ Ili mu ndime: Nthawi zina ndimeyi imayambitsa maziko ndi tsatanetsatane poyamba, kenako imagwiritsa ntchito chiganizo chokwanira kapena chamba kuti afotokoze mwachidule zomwe tafotokozazi kapena zitsanzo zomwe tazitchula kale, kenako ndikukambirana mozama za nkhani zomwe zikugwirizana ndi mutuwo.
Chiganizo chamutu wa nkhaniyi nthawi zambiri chimapezeka pakati pa ndime. Mwachidule, pali mikhalidwe iwiri ikuluikulu: choyamba, funsani funso, kenako perekani yankho (chiganizo chamutu), ndipo potsiriza perekani kufotokoza; kapena, choyamba funsani funso, ndiyeno sonyezani lingaliro lalikulu (chiganizo cha mutu), ndipo pomalizira pake fotokozani.
④ Kubwereza koyambirira ndi kumapeto: Chiganizo chamutu chimawonekera kumayambiriro ndi kumapeto kwa ndime imodzi pambuyo pa inzake, kupanga ndondomeko yobwerezabwereza ndi pambuyo pake.
Ziganizo ziwiri zamutuwu zimafotokoza zomwe zili zofanana, koma zimagwiritsa ntchito mawu osiyanasiyana. Izi sizimangotsindika mutu komanso zimawoneka zosinthika komanso zosinthika.
Ziganizo ziwirizi sizimangobwerezabwereza. Chiganizo cha mutu womalizira chingakhale ndemanga yomaliza pa mutuwo, chidule cha mfundo zazikulu, kapena kuzisiyira woŵerenga kuti aganizire.
⑤ Palibe chiganizo chomveka bwino chamutu: Pezani mawu osakira (mafupipafupi), ndi kuwafotokozera mwachidule.
Mutha kudziwa Chifukwa Chake Kuphunzirira Kunja Kumaonedwa Kuti Ndikokwera mtengo.
2. Mafunso atsatanetsatane
Zomwe zili m'mayesowo zimakhudza nthawi, malo, anthu, zochitika, zifukwa, zotsatira, manambala, ndi zina zofotokozera ndi tsatanetsatane mumkangano. Chodziwika bwino cha funso ili ndi: yankho likhoza kupezeka m'nkhaniyi. Ndithudi, yankho siliri kwenikweni chiganizo choyambirira m’nkhaniyo.
Muyenera kukonza ziganizo zanu kuti muyankhe funso potengera zomwe zaperekedwa m'nkhaniyi.
(a) Zowona ndi tsatanetsatane mafunso → njira yowerengera
Amagawidwa m'mafunso omveka bwino komanso mafunso omveka bwino. Woyamba nthawi zambiri amafunsa kuti ndani, chiyani, chiti, liti, kuti, chifukwa, ndi motani, kapena amaweruza chabwino kapena cholakwika; chotsiriziracho chiyenera kutembenuzidwa kuchokera ku chidziwitso choyambirira, ndipo mawuwo ndi osiyana ndi oyambirira. Mafomu odziwika bwino ndi awa:
Kodi tikuphunzira chiyani pa ndimeyi?
Zonsezi zatchulidwa kupatulapo
Ndi ziti mwa izi zomwe zatchulidwa (zosatchulidwa)?
Ndi ziti mwa ziganizo zotsatirazi zomwe ziri zoona/zolondola/ zabodza/zolakwika pa…?
(b) Kusankha mafunso → njira yoyikira mutu ndi mchira (pezani chochitika choyamba ndi chomaliza, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito njira yochotsera kuti muchepetse kukula kwake)
Nthawi zambiri amawonekera m'malemba ofotokozera komanso ofotokozera, nthawi zambiri motsatira zochitika. Mafomu odziwika bwino ndi awa:
Ndi iti mwa zotsatirazi yomwe ili ndi dongosolo lolondola la…?
Ndi ziti mwa zotsatirazi zomwe zikuwonetsa njira yazizindikiro zomwe zafotokozedwa mu Ndime…?
(c) Mafunso ofananira ndi chithunzi → sinthani zowunikira molingana ndi chithunzi
Mtundu wa mafunso: Perekani tchati ndikufunsani mafunso otengera tchaticho.
(d) Mafunso owerengera manambala → (Njira: mafunso obwereza → pezani zambiri ndi mafunso → yerekezerani, santhulani, ndi kuwerengera)
Tsatanetsatane woyenera angapezeke mwachindunji, koma kuwerengera kumafunika kupeza yankho.
Mutha kuwerenga: Momwe mungapezere magiredi abwino ku Sukulu.
3. Mafunso Okambitsirana (Mafunso Oganiziridwa)
Imayesa kuthekera kwa aliyense kuti amvetsetse tanthauzo lenileni la nkhaniyo. Zimafuna kuti ofuna kusankhidwa azilingalira momveka bwino malinga ndi zomwe zili m'nkhaniyo, kuphatikizapo kumvetsetsa kwa wolembayo pa maganizo a wolemba, kulingalira kwa maganizo, komanso kumvetsetsa kalankhulidwe, kamvekedwe, ndi tanthauzo lake. Mawu osakira pamutu: infer, onetsani, kutanthauza/perekani lingaliro, maliza, lingalirani.
(a) Mafunso atsatanetsatane ndi chiweruzo
Nthawi zambiri, mutha kupanga ziganizo ndi zigamulo potengera zomwe zaperekedwa munkhaniyo kapena mothandizidwa ndi nzeru zenizeni m'moyo. Mafomu odziwika bwino ndi awa:
Itha kuganiziridwa/kumalizidwa kuchokera m'mawu akuti __________.
Wolembayo akutanthauza/ akusonyeza kuti_____.
Tikhoza kunena kuti _________.
Ndi ziganizo ziti mwa izi zomwe zikutanthauzidwa koma OSATANA?
(b) Mafunso olosera, kulingalira, ndi chiweruzo
Malinga ndi mawuwo, yerekezerani zomwe zili munkhani yotsatira kapena mathero ankhaniyo.
Mafomu odziwika bwino ndi awa:
Mukuganiza kuti chichitika ndi chiyani ngati/liti…?
Pamapeto pa ndimeyi, wolemba apitirize kulemba_____
(c) Onetsani kumene nkhaniyo inachokera kapena anthu amene mukufuna kuwatsatira
Mafomu odziwika bwino ndi awa:
Ndimeyi mwina yachotsedwa pa_____
Ndimeyi ipezeka mu ______
Kodi lembali mwina likuchokera kuti?
(d) Mafunso onena za kulemba zolinga, cholinga, ndi maganizo
Liwu ndi maganizo a wolemba nthawi zambiri sizimalembedwa mwachindunji m'nkhaniyo, koma zikhoza kumveka kuchokera kwa wolembayo kusankha mawu ndi zosintha zawo powerenga nkhaniyi mosamala.
Mafunso omwe amafunsa za cholinga cholembera, mawu omwe amapezeka nthawi zambiri pazosankha ndi:
fotokozani, tsimikizirani, tsimikizirani, langizani, perekani ndemanga, kutamanda, kutsutsa, kusangalatsa, kusonyeza, kukangana , kunena, kusanthula, ndi zina. wochezeka, wokondwa, wokonda kumvera, wofuna, woona chabe ), wopanda chiyembekezo, woyembekezera, wotsutsa, wokayika, wankhanza, wosayanjanitsika, wokhumudwitsidwa.
Common propositional mawonekedwe
Cholinga chalemba ndi_____
Kodi cholinga chachikulu cha wolemba nkhaniyo ndi chiyani? Potchula…, wolemba akufuna kuwonetsa kuti_____
Kodi wolembayo ali ndi malingaliro otani…?
Malingaliro a wolemba ake ndi chiyani…?
Liwu la wolemba m'ndimeyi ndi _____.Maluso oyankha
Mafunso oyerekeza ndi kuyesa kuthekera kwanu kusanthula, kuphatikizira, ndi kuyambitsa malingaliro omveka kudzera pamawu omwe ali pamwamba pankhaniyi. Kukambitsirana ndi kuweruza kuyenera kuzikidwa pa zowona, osapanga zigamulo zongoganizira chabe.
①Zomwe zanenedwa mwachindunji m'nkhaniyi sizingasankhidwe, ndipo zomwe zatengedwa m'nkhaniyi ziyenera kusankhidwa.
② Kukambitsirana sikungongoganiza chabe, koma kutengera zomwe sizikudziwika potengera zomwe zimadziwika; popereka yankho lolondola, muyenera kupeza maziko kapena chifukwa m’lembalo.
③ Kukhulupirika ku zolembedwa zoyambirira, kutengera zenizeni ndi zowunikira zomwe zaperekedwa ndi nkhaniyo. Osayika malingaliro anu m'malo mwa malingaliro a wolemba; musasudzule malingaliro apachiyambi.
Mutha kufuna Checkout Zofunikira Zokhazikika ku Koleji.
4. Mafunso a Tanthauzo la Mawu
Malo oyeserera:
①Ganizirani tanthauzo la liwu lina, mawu, chiganizo②Kutanthauzira mawu kapena mawu a polysemous m'malemba
③Weruzani cholozera cha mloŵam'malo wina.
Mafomu odziwika bwino ndi awa:
Mawu/chiganizo chomwe chili pansi pa ndime yachiwiri chikutanthauza _____.
Mawu oti “iwo/iwo” mu chiganizo chomaliza akutanthauza ________.
Mawu akuti “…” (Mzere 6. para.2) mwina amatanthauza ______.
Mawu oti “…” (Mzere 6. para.2) angasinthidwe bwino ndi mawu ati mwa awa?
Ndi iti mwa zotsatirazi yomwe ili pafupi kwambiri ndi mawu oti “…”?
Maluso oyankha
(1) Ganizirani mawuwo mwangozi
Choyamba ndicho kupeza kugwirizana koyenera pakati pa mawu atsopanowo ndi nkhani yake, ndiyeno mukhoza kulingalira mawuwo. Nthawi zina nkhani zimagwiritsa ntchito mawu okhudzana (monga chifukwa, monga, kuyambira, chifukwa, kotero, motero, monga chotsatira, ndithudi, motero, etc.) kufotokoza chifukwa ndi zotsatira.
Mwachitsanzo, simunayenera kumuimba mlandu chifukwa cha zimenezo, chifukwa silinali vuto lake. Kupyolera mu chifukwa chomwe chafotokozedwa m'chiganizo chomwe chinayambitsidwa ndi (silo kulakwa kwake), mukhoza kulingalira kuti liwu lotanthauza kulakwa ndilo "mlandu".
(2) Yerekezerani mawuwo kudzera muubwenzi womwe ulipo pakati pa mawu ofananirako ndi mawu otsutsana nawo
Kuyerekeza mawu ndi mawu ofanana ndi ofanana, imodzi ndikuyang'ana mawu ofanana omwe amalumikizidwa ndi kapena, monga okondwa ndi gay. Ngakhale kuti sitidziwa mawu akuti gay, tikhoza kudziwa kuti amatanthauza chisangalalo; ina ndiyo kuigwiritsa ntchito pofotokoza zambiri. Mawu ofanana ndi akuti, Munthu akudziwapo kanthu za mapulaneti a Venus, Mars, ndi Jupiter mothandizidwa ndi zapamlengalenga. M’chiganizochi, Venus (Venus), Mars (Mars), ndi Jupiter (Jupiter) onse ndi mawu atsopano, koma malinga ngati mukudziwa mapulaneti, Tingaganize kuti mawuwa onse ndi a tanthauzo la “planeti”.
Ganizirani mawu kudzera m'mawu otsutsana, imodzi ndiyo kuyang'ana zogwirizanitsa kapena ziganizo zomwe zimasonyeza ubale wa kusintha, monga koma, pamene, komabe, ndi zina zotero; ina ndiyo kuyang’ana pa mawu osagwirizana kapena osonyeza matanthauzo oipa, monga akuti Iye ndi wapakhomo, osati kukongola konse ngati mbale wake. Malinga ndi ayi…wokongola, sikovuta kwa ife kutanthauzira tanthauzo la kunyumba, kutanthauza kuti osati wokongola komanso osati wokongola.
(3) Yerekezerani kapangidwe ka liwu ndi liwu
Kuwona tanthauzo la mawu atsopano potengera chidziwitso cha mapangidwe a mawu monga ma prefixes, suffixes, kompositi, ndi zotumphukira monga Iye sangakhale ataba ndalamazo. (“un” ali ndi tanthauzo loipa, choncho amatanthauza “zosatheka”.)
(4) Onetsani matanthauzo a mawu kudzera m’matanthauzo kapena maunansi ofotokozera
Mwachitsanzo: Koma nthawi zina mvula siigwa kwa nthawi yaitali. Ndiye pali nyengo youma kapena chilala.
Kuchokera pamwamba pa chiganizo chomwe chili chilala, tikudziwa kuti mvula sinagwe kwa nthawi yaitali, kotero pali nthawi ya chilala, ndiko kuti, chilala. Zitha kuwonedwa kuti chilala chimatanthauza "chilala chachitali" ndi "chilala". Ndipo nyengo youma ndi chilala ndizofanana.
Ubale woterewu wofananira kapena wofotokozera nthawi zambiri umaimiridwa ndi, kapena, ndiye kuti, m'mawu ena, kutchedwa, kapena dash.
(5) Dziwani tanthauzo la mawu pogwiritsa ntchito kaphatikizidwe ka mawu
Mwachitsanzo, nthochi, malalanje, chinanazi, kokonati, ndi zipatso zina zimamera m’madera otentha. Ngati chinanazi ndi kokonati ndi mawu atsopano, tingathe kuweruza pafupifupi matanthauzo awo kuchokera ku malo a mawu awiriwa mu chiganizo.
Sikovuta kuona kuchokera ku chiganizo kuti chinanazi, kokonati, ndi nthochi, malalanje ndi mtundu womwewo wa ubale, ali m'gulu la zipatso, kotero iwo ali mitundu iwiri ya zipatso, kukhala yeniyeni, chinanazi ndi kokonati.
(6) Yerekezerani mawu pofotokoza
Kufotokozera ndi kufotokoza za maonekedwe akunja kapena makhalidwe a mkati mwa munthuyo kapena chinthucho ndi wolemba. Mwachitsanzo, Penguin ndi mtundu wa mbalame zapanyanja zomwe zimakhala ku South Pole. Ndi yonenepa ndipo imayenda moseketsa.
Ngakhale kuti sichikhoza kuuluka, imatha kusambira m’madzi oundana kuti igwire nsombazo. Kuchokera kukufotokozera kwachiganizo chachitsanzo, mutha kudziwa kuti penguin ndi mbalame yomwe imakhala ku Antarctica. Makhalidwe a mbalameyi akufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane pambuyo pake.
Kuyambira pomwe mudafika pano, ndikukondwererani chifukwa atsogoleri amawerengadi. Zabwino zonse kwa inu ophunzira pamene mukuchita mayeso anu a Chingerezi. Zikomo!!!
Musaiwale kugwiritsa ntchito gawo la ndemanga ngati muli ndi mafunso kapena chothandizira pazinthu izi pa WSH. Tikuyamikira zonse zomwe mwathandizira.