Kukho iindlela ezilungileyo kunye neendlela zokunceda abafundi banciphise ukuqonda kwangaphambili kwiimvavanyo zesiNgesi okanye iimviwo kwaye eli nqaku liphandwe kakuhle kwaye linolwazi malunga nezicwangciso zokufunda zokuqonda kwi-World Scholars Hub liya kukunceda wenze oko kanye.
Sincoma wonke umfundi walo mxholo ukuba afunde ngokucophelela nangomonde kumgca ngamnye ngenxa yokuba isivakalisi ngasinye kweli nqaku sibaluleke kakhulu njengenye eqala kwimigaqo yokufunda ukuqonda, indlela ecacileyo yokufunda iindinyana zokuqonda, iimpawu zokhetho oluchanekileyo kwi. Ukuqonda, kunye neempawu zokhetho lophazamiseko ezikukhokelela kwiindlela ezifanelekileyo ozidingayo ukuze ukwazi ukukhawulezisa uvavanyo lwakho oluzayo okanye uviwo ngokukhawuleza nangokukhululeka.
Oku kuya kuba kukufunda ixesha elide kodwa qiniseka ukuba eli nqaku liya kuba ngumdlalo wokutshintsha kwakho. Masingene ngqo kwimigaqo eya kusikhokelela kubuchule bokufunda bokuqonda ekufuneka uyazi njengoko singena nzulu kwinqaku.
Ukuba ufuna ukungaqiniseki malunga nokubhala ukuqonda malunga, ungandwendwela Wikipedia ngolwazi oluthe kratya ngaloo nto. Masiqhubele phambili.
Isiqulatho
1. UmGaqo wokuFunda ngokuQonda
a.) Uhlalutyo lweSakhiwo se-Syntactic ye-Peeling Onion
Qinisekisa ukuba mangaphi amagatya aphambili kunye namagatyana akwisivakalisi (ekubhekiswa kuwo njengetswele kamva).
Ukuba akukho "kunye" okanye "okanye" kwisivakalisi, kwaye "kunye" phambi nasemva kwesivakalisi kudityaniswe, ngoko umphambili kunye nomva zenza itswele ngokuzimeleyo. Peel ulusu ngokwahlukileyo ukuya jonga ukuba kukho kodwa okanye okwangoku kwisivakalisi. Ukuba kukho kodwa, kodwa, ngoko umphambili kunye nomva ngokuzimeleyo ube anyanisi.
Jonga ukuba kukho naziphi na iziphumlisi ezikhethekileyo kwesi sivakalisi: isemikholoni, ikholoni, udwi, kunye nokuba kukho izivakalisi ezimbalwa ezixotshiweyo.
I-anyanisi nganye i-peel ngokwahlukileyo. Ukususela kwinqanaba lokuqala, into ebizwa ngokuba yi-core subject-predicate-object structure, i-anyanisi nganye yenza igrama, nokuba ilusu lwesikhumba.
Fumana intsingiselo yomaleko ngamnye, kwaye usebenzise indlela yokubuza ukudibanisa ezi zivakalisi ukwenza isivakalisi esimbaxa!
I-anyanisi ye-peel kwaye uqaphele ukuba ungakhali.
b.) Isivakalisi samanqaku kunye nesiGaba esiNcedisayo
Xa isivakalisi sokuqala somhlathi othile wepateni yesivakalisi samanqaku, ngoko ke isivakalisi esincedisayo yitekisi eshiyekileyo yalo mhlathi.
Isivakalisi sokugqibela, emva koko isincedisi sisivakalisi esokugqibela.
Isivakalisi esiphakathi sisivakalisi esiphambi nasemva kwesi sivakalisi.
c.) UmGaqo we-Coordinate Axis
kukhetha intsingiselo esondele kwintsingiselo yantlandlolo. Ukuba ayivalwanga, khetha leyo inobubanzi obukhulu.
Kubalulekile ukumisela inqaku elingu-zero: igama eliyintloko.
Qinisekisa igama elingundoqo:
Jonga ukuba kukho amagama, amagama eendawo, ukwenziwa koonobumba abakhulu, ixesha, idatha, njl.,
bona umxholo, isivisa, kunye amanye amagama ukuba fumanisa: ezininzi. Thelekisa nganye nganye kwaye uqinisekise ukuba isivakalisi si ayifumanekanga: umgaqo wocwangco.
Ngaphandle komgaqo wokubala : Yeyiphi echanekileyo kwezi zilandelayo ? Khangela igama eliphakathi kwiinketho kwaye uthelekise nganye nganye. Amanye amagama angathathi hlangothi akafumaneki.
Unokufunda: Ungasifaka njani isicelo seScholarship.
2. Indlela eYodwa yokuFunda
Qinisekisa ukujonga umbuzo kuqala ukuze wazi ukuba yintoni ebuzwayo kwaye luhlobo luni lombuzo. (Zeziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemibuzo, ndiza kuthetha ngayo kamva)
Ukuba uyazi ukuba luhlobo luni lombuzo, fumana indlela kunye namanyathelo okusombulula olo hlobo lombuzo (kwakhona, ndiya kuthetha ngako kamva).
Fumana umhlathi ohambelana nenqaku kwaye ufumane impendulo echanekileyo kuyo!
Emva kombuzo, jonga isiqu sombuzo olandelayo uze ufumane impendulo kwisiqendu esilandelayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umbuzo omnye kunye nomhlathi omnye uyahambelana.
Imibuzo efana nothi “Nguwuphi ongezantsi kwaye ngowuphi ongalunganga” idla ngokungqinelana nomhlathi, ngoko ke kungcono ukwenze oko ekugqibeleni!
Emva kokuba ugqibile, qiniseka ukuba ujonge inqaku ukuze ubone ukuba impendulo oyikhethileyo iyahambelana nengongoma ephambili yenqaku
Baphephe abo baviwa banokufumana iimpendulo ezisekelwe kwingqiqo ngaphandle kokufunda inqaku! Ngoko into ebonakala isengqiqweni ngokuqinisekileyo iphosakele!
Ungafunda Iindlela zokufunda ngokukhawuleza nangempumelelo.
3. Iimpawu zoKhetho oluLungileyo kunye neempawu zoKhetho loPhando
⊗1. Iimpawu zoKhetho oluLungileyo
Enyanisweni, ukhetho oluchanekileyo luneempawu ezithile. Xa ukhetha impendulo, unokunikela ingqalelo kwezi mpawu. Nokuba awuzazi ezi mpawu, kufuneka ube nenzululwazi ngakumbi.
Inqaku loku-1: Umxholo udla ngokunxulumana nomxholo wenqaku
Inxulumene nombono ophambili wenqaku. Iimpendulo ezichanekileyo kumanqaku amaninzi zihambelana nombono ophambili wenqaku. Ngoko ke, kufuneka uhlawule ngokukodwa kwiinketho ezibandakanya ingcamango ephambili yenqaku.
Uphawu lwesi-2: Isikhundla sihlala sisekuqaleni, ekupheleni, kunye nendawo yokuguqula umhlathi ohambelanayo
Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, isiqalo, isiphelo, neengongoma eziguqukayo zesiqendu ziingongoma eziziintloko zenqaku, yaye zikwayindawo apho umbandela udla ngokubuzwa khona. Kufanelekile ukunikela ingqalelo.
Inqaku lesi-3: Xa uphinda ubhala amagama, nikela ingqalelo kwizithethantonye endaweni yazo, amagama afanayo okanye aphikisanayo kumbhalo wokuqala.
Isithethantonye, ukuphinda-phindana, okanye ukuphindaphinda zezona ndlela zintathu ziqhelekileyo zokubhala iimpendulo. Ukuziqonda kufana nokubamba ingxaki ngokwembono yesindululo.
Uphawu lwesi-4: Ithoni ihlala iqulathe amasuntswana angaqinisekanga kunye ne-euphemistic
Iimpendulo zeminye imibuzo, ngakumbi imibuzo ethelekelelwayo, zihlala ziqulathe amasuntswana angaqinisekanga kunye ne-euphemistic, anjengama, ukubonisa ukunxulumana kokuqiqa.
Uphawu lwesi-5: Luhlala lubanzi kwaye lunzulu.
Ekubeni injongo yovavanyo lokufunda kumanqaku aphambili kunye neengongoma eziphambili zenqaku, iimpendulo zihlala ziqhelekileyo kwaye zinzulu. Ngoko ke, xa ukhetha impendulo, lumkela ukhetho oluneenkcukacha ezingenamsebenzi.
Xa usenza imibuzo yokufunda, ukuba unokucinga ngokusekelwe kumbhalo wokuqala kwaye udibanise iimpawu ezintlanu zempendulo echanekileyo ngasentla, umphumo uya kuba yinto efanelekileyo.
⊗2. Iimpawu zoKhetho lokuphazamiseka
① Kubonakala kusengqiqweni, kodwa enyanisweni, kuthatyathwa ngaphandle komxholo.
Okanye ukhetho lokuzenzela usebenzisa ingqiqo yobomi engakhankanywanga kwinqaku.
Okanye thatha izibakala kunye neenkcukacha kwinqaku njengengongoma ephambili kwaye uthathe icala elinye, inqaku lesibini njengeyona ngongoma iphambili.
Ngoko ke, kufuneka sifumane isiseko kwisicatshulwa size sifumane impendulo. Into ebonakala isengqiqweni ayisoloko iyimpendulo echanekileyo.
Kwisihloko esiphambili, kufuneka sisuse ukuphazamiseka kweenkcukacha kwaye sibambe umxholo wenqaku.
②Ukweba imiqadi nokutshintsha izithuba, ukuzigwagwisa nokunxiba
Yenza utshintsho kumacandelo afihlakeleyo wesivakalisi sokuqala okanye uthintele amagama okanye izakhiwo ezifanayo kwinqaku kwaye uzenzele.
Nokuba kwezinye iindawo, unobangela sisiphumo, isiphumo ngunobangela, kwaye izimvo zabanye okanye izimvo ezichaswayo ngumbhali ziimbono zombhali.
Ngoko ke, kufuneka sithathele ingqalelo ukuba ukhetho olufana kakhulu lusenokungachaneki ngaphandle kokuba isidanga kunye nobubanzi bufana ncam nombhalo wokuqala.
Sifanele sinikele ingqalelo koku: “Okukhona imibhalo yantlandlolo ininzi, kokukhona iyancipha ukuba ichane”!
③Sebenzisa iintsingiselo eziqhelekileyo endaweni yeentsingiselo zamagama ezingaphelelanga. Kwimibuzo enentsingiselo yegama enentsingiselo yegama, intsingiselo eqhelekileyo yegama okanye isivakalisi esifanele ukuphandwa idla ngokuthathwa njengento yokuphazamiseka.
④ Ulwandiso olugqithisileyo. Nikelani ingqalelo ukuba ngaba iinketho zikude ngaphaya kobubanzi benqaku, kwaye musa ukuzisebenzisa kakhulu.
⑤Olona khetho lubhidayo sisiqingatha sokulungileyo kunye nesiqingatha asilunganga.
Ungafunda IiKholeji ezili-10 ezikwi-Intanethi eziKuhlawulayo ukuba uye.
Iintlobo zoMbuzo oQhelekileyo kunye noBuchule bokuFunda ngokuQonda
Iindidi zemibuzo eqhelekileyo yokufunda ukuqonda ngokubanzi ziquka:
- Imibuzo ngomxholo,
- Imibuzo eneenkcukacha,
- Imibuzo ethengisiweyo kunye
- Imibuzo Yentsingiselo Yamagama.
1. Umba wesifundo (Imibuzo yeSifundo)
Iimpawu: Olu hlobo lombuzo ludla ngokusebenzisa amagama anjengesihloko, umxholo, ingcamango ephambili, umxholo, umxholo, njalo njalo. Imibuzo yesihloko yahlulahlulwe ngokubanzi ngohlobo lwesihloko esikhuthazayo kunye nodidi lweengcamango ngokubanzi. Makhe sijonge ezi ndidi zimbini.
(a) Uhlobo loMgangatho wokungeniswa
Iimpawu: emfutshane kwaye imfutshane, idla ngokuba ngaphezu kwebinzana elinye; Ugutyulo olomeleleyo, olugubungela ngokubanzi intsingiselo yesicatshulwa esipheleleyo; ukuchaneka okuqinileyo, ububanzi bokuvakalisa kufuneka bufaneleke, kwaye inqanaba le-semantic okanye umbala awunakuguqulwa ngokuthanda. Iifomu zesindululo eziqhelekileyo zezi:
Sesiphi esona sihloko sesicatshulwa?
Esona sihloko sesi sicatshulwa sithi ___.
Yeyiphi kwezi zilandelayo enokuba sesona sihloko sifanelekileyo sesi sicatshulwa?
(b) Shwankathela ingcamango ngokubanzi
Kubandakanya ukufumana isihloko kunye nombono ophambili wenqaku.
Iifomu zesindululo eziqhelekileyo zezi:
Ithini imbono jikelele/ephambili yesi sicatshulwa?
Yeyiphi kwezi zilandelayo evakalisa ingcamango ephambili?
Nguwuphi umbandela oxutyushwa kwisicatshulwa?
Inqaku limalunga nantoni?
izakhono zokusombulula iingxaki
Eli nqaku liqhele ukuxambulisana kwaye liyacacisa. Ukwakhiwa kwenqaku kunokushwankathelwa njengokubuza imibuzo-ukuxoxa ngeengxaki-ukwenza izigqibo okanye ukucacisa izimvo.
Ngolu hlobo lwenqaku, kuyimfuneko ukubamba isivakalisi sesihloko, esihlala sivela ekuqaleni okanye ekupheleni kwenqaku. Isivakalisi sesihloko sineempawu zokufutshane kunye nokuqheleka. Indawo yesivakalisi sesihloko kwinqaku ikakhulu inezi meko zilandelayo.
① Ekuqaleni komhlathi: Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwinqaku elibhalwe ngokutsalwa, isivakalisi sesihloko sihlala sisekuqaleni kwenqaku, oko kukuthi, isihloko sichazwe kuqala, kwaye ingxelo ethile yenziwa malunga nesi sihloko.
Ukufumanisa ukuba isivakalisi sokuqala sisivakalisi sesihloko, unokuhlalutya ngokuthe ngqo unxulumano phakathi kwesivakalisi sokuqala somhlathi kunye nesivakalisi sesibini nesesithathu; Ukuba isivakalisi sokuqala sicacisiwe, sixoxiwe, okanye sichazwa kwisivakalisi sesibini, ngoko ke isivakalisi sokuqala sisivakalisi sesihloko.
Kweminye imihlathi, kukho amagama emiqondiso akhokelela ngokucacileyo kwiinkcukacha emva kwesivakalisi sesihloko, njengomzekelo, umzekelo; eyokuqala, eyesibini, elandelayo, yokugqibela, ekugqibeleni; ukuqala, kanjalo, ngaphandle koko; omnye, omnye; abanye, abanye, njl.
Ekufundeni, la magama emiqondiso angasentla kufuneka asetyenziswe kangangoko ukufumanisa indawo yesivakalisi sesihloko.
② Ekupheleni komhlathi: Amanye amanqaku aya kudwelisa iinyani ekuqaleni, aze achaze eyona ngxoxo iphambili yombhali ngengxoxo-mpikiswano. Ngoko ke, ukuba isivakalisi sokuqala asikho ngokubanzi okanye sibanzi, kungcono ukufunda ngokukhawuleza isivakalisi sokugqibela somhlathi ukuze ubone ukuba sineempawu zesivakalisi sesihloko.
Ukuba ineempawu zesivakalisi sesihloko, ingcamango yesihloko somhlathi inokumiselwa ngokulula. Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa imbono inzima ukuyicacisa kwabanye okanye kunzima ukuyamkela ngabanye, isivakalisi sesihloko asibonakali de kube sekupheleni komhlathi.
Abafundi banokuwasebenzisa ngokupheleleyo amagama emiqondiso akhokelela kwisigqibo. Njengoko kunjalo, ngoko, ngoko, ngenxa yoko; ekuqukumbeleni, ngokufutshane; ngegama, ukushwankathela, njl.njl ukumisela indawo yesivakalisi sesihloko ekupheleni komhlathi. Xa kungekho mqondiso ucacileyo wolu hlobo, abafundi banokongeza igama lomqondiso elikhokelela kwisiphelo phambi kwesivakalisi sokugqibela somhlathi ukumisela ukuba sisivakalisi sesihloko na.
③ Ibekwe kumhlathi: Ngamanye amaxesha umhlathi wazisa imvelaphi kunye neenkcukacha kuqala, uze usebenzise isivakalisi esibanzi okanye ngokubanzi ukushwankathela umxholo okanye imizekelo ekhankanywe ngaphambili, uze uphuhlise ingxoxo enzulu malunga nemiba efanelekileyo ejikeleze umxholo.
Isivakalisi sesihloko solu hlobo lwenqaku sihlala sivela embindini womhlathi. Isishwankathelo, kukho iimeko ezimbini eziphambili: okokuqala, buza umbuzo, uze unike impendulo (isivakalisi sesihloko), kwaye ekugqibeleni unike ingcaciso; okanye, qala ubuze umbuzo, emva koko walathe ingcamango ephambili (isivakalisi sesihloko), uze ekugqibeleni unike ingcaciso.
④ Ukuphindaphinda ekuqaleni nasekupheleni: Isivakalisi sesihloko sivela ekuqaleni nasekupheleni komhlathi omnye emva komnye, senza ipateni yokuphindaphinda ngaphambi nasemva.
Ezi zivakalisi zibini zezihloko zichaza umxholo ofanayo, kodwa zisebenzisa amagama ahlukeneyo. Oku akugxininisi nje kuphela umxholo kodwa kubonakala kubhetyebhetye kwaye kuyaguquguquka.
Ezi zivakalisi zibini aziphindi nje. Isivakalisi sesihloko sokugqibela sisenokuba ngamagqabaza okugqibela ngesihloko, isishwankathelo seengongoma eziziintloko, okanye sishiyekele kumfundi ukuba acinge ngaso.
⑤ Akukho sivakalisi esicacileyo sesihloko: Fumana amagama angundoqo (i-frequency ephezulu), kwaye uwashwankathele.
Ungafumana ukwazi Kutheni ukufunda kwelinye ilizwe kuthathwa njengeXabiso.
2. Imibuzo eneenkcukacha
Umxholo woviwo ikakhulu ubandakanya ixesha, indawo, abantu, iziganeko, izizathu, iziphumo, amanani, kunye nezinye iinkcukacha ezingumzekelo kunye neenkcukacha zenkcazo kwingxabano. Into eqhelekileyo yolu hlobo lombuzo kukuba: impendulo inokufumaneka ngokubanzi kwinqaku. Kakade ke, impendulo ayisosivakalisi sokuqala kwinqaku.
Kufuneka ulungelelanise izivakalisi zakho ukuze uphendule umbuzo ngokusekelwe kulwazi olunikwe kwinqaku.
(a) Iinyani neenkcukacha zemibuzo → indlela yokufunda
Yahlulwe yaba yimibuzo yokuqonda ngokuthe ngqo kunye nemibuzo engathanga ngqo. Owokuqala udla ngokubuza ukuba ngubani, yintoni, yintoni, nini, phi, kutheni, kwaye njani, okanye egweba okulungileyo nokubi; le yokugqibela ifuna ukuguqulwa kulwazi lwangaphambili, kwaye ibinzana lahlukile kuleyo yokuqala. Iifom zesindululo eziqhelekileyo zezi:
Sinokufunda ntoni kwesi sicatshulwa?
Zonke ezi zilandelayo zikhankanyiwe ngaphandle
Yeyiphi kwezi zilandelayo ikhankanyiweyo (engakhankanywanga)?
Kwezi nkcazelo zilandelayo yeyiphi eyinyani/ilungile/bubuxoki/engalunganga malunga…?
(b) Ukuhlela imibuzo → indlela yokubeka intloko ukuya kumsila (fumana isiganeko sokuqala kunye nesiganeko sokugqibela, kwaye usebenzise indlela yokuphelisa ukunciphisa umda)
Idla ngokuvela kwiitekisi ezibalisayo nezichazayo, ngokubanzi ngokulandelelana kweziganeko. Iifomu zesindululo eziqhelekileyo zezi:
Yeyiphi kwezi zilandelayo elungelelaniswe kakuhle…?
Yeyiphi kwezi zilandelayo ebonisa indlela yemiqondiso echazwe kuMhlathi…?
(c) Imibuzo ehambelana nomfanekiso → Sombulula imikhondo ngokomfanekiso
Ifomathi yemibuzo: nika itshati uze ubuze imibuzo esekelwe kwitshathi.
(d) Imibuzo yokubala ngamanani → (Indlela: imibuzo yophononongo → fumana iinkcukacha ngemibuzo → thelekisa, hlalutya, kwaye ubale)
Iinkcukacha ezifanelekileyo zinokufunyanwa ngokuthe ngqo, kodwa izibalo ziyafuneka ukufumana impendulo.
Unokufunda: Ungawafumana njani amanqaku amahle eSikolweni.
3. Imibuzo yokuqiqa (imibuzo ethelekelelweyo)
Ikakhulu ivavanya ukukwazi komntu wonke ukuqonda intsingiselo efihlakeleyo okanye enzulu yenqaku. Ifuna ukuba abaviwa benze iingqikelelo ezisengqiqweni ezisekelwe kumxholo wenqaku, kubandakanywa nendlela umviwa aqonda ngayo imbono yombhali, ugwebo lwesimo sengqondo, kunye nokuqonda i-rhetoric, ithoni, kunye nentsingiselo efihlakeleyo. Amagama angundoqo esihloko: chaza, bonisa, thetha/cebisa, qukumbela, cinga.
(a) Imibuzo eneenkcukacha zokuqiqa kunye nesigwebo
Ngokuqhelekileyo, unokwenza iingqikelelo kunye nezigwebo ezisekelwe kulwazi olunikezelwe kwisincoko okanye ngoncedo lwengqiqo ebomini. Iifom zesindululo eziqhelekileyo zezi:
Kunokucingelwa/kuqukunjelwe kwisicatshulwa ukuba ________.
Umbhali uthetha/ ucebisa ukuba_____.
Singaqikelela ukuba _______.
Kwezi nkcazelo zilandelayo yeyiphi echaziweyo kodwa ENGAchazwanga?
(b) Imibuzo eqikelelwayo, yokuqiqa, neyesigwebo
Ngokwesicatshulwa, qikelela umxholo olandelayo okanye isiphelo esinokwenzeka senqaku.
Iifomu zesindululo eziqhelekileyo zezi:
Ucinga ukuba kuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba/nini…?
Ekupheleni kwesi sicatshulwa, umbhali unokuqhubeka ebhala_____
(c) Thetha ngemvelaphi yenqaku okanye abantu ekujoliswe kubo
Iifomu zesindululo eziqhelekileyo zezi:
Ipaseji mhlawumbi ithathwe kwi_____
Ipaseji inokufunyanwa kakhulu kwi-_____
Sivela phi esi sicatshulwa?
(d) Imibuzo ethelekelelwayo malunga nenjongo yokubhala, injongo, kunye nesimo sengqondo
Ithoni kunye nesimo sengqondo sombhali kaninzi asibhalwanga ngokuthe ngqo kwinqaku, kodwa sinokuqondwa kuphela kumagama akhethwe ngumbhali kunye nezilungisi zabo ngokufunda inqaku ngokucophelela.
Imibuzo ebuza malunga nenjongo yokubhala, amagama ahlala ebonakala kwiinketho ngala:
chaza, ngqina, cenga, cebisa, gqabaza, ncoma, gxeka, yonwabisa, bonisa, xoxa, xelela, chaza, hlalutya, njl. njl. Imibuzo ebuza malunga nethoni nesimo sengqondo, amagama adla ngokuvela kolu khetho ngala: aphakathi, anovelwano, anelisekile, nobubele, udlamko, ukuzimela geqe, injongo, inyani ), unethemba, ukugxeka, ukuthandabuza, ubutshaba, ukungakhathali, ukuphoxeka.
Ifomu yesindululo eqhelekileyo
Injongo yokubhaliweyo ngu_____
Yintoni eyona njongo yombhali ebhala isicatshulwa? Ngokukhankanya…, umbhali ujonge ukubonisa ukuba_____
Sithini isimo sengqondo sombhali malunga…?
Luthini uluvo lombhali malunga…?
Ithoni yombhali kwesi sicatshulwa ngu _____.Ukuphendula izakhono
Imibuzo ye-inference kukuvavanya ukukwazi kwakho ukuhlalutya, ukudibanisa, kunye nokukhuthaza ukucinga okunengqiqo ngokusebenzisa ulwazi lwesicatshulwa olungaphezulu kwenqaku. Ukuqiqa kunye nesigwebo kufuneka zisekelwe kwiinyani, kwaye musa ukwenza izigwebo subjective.
① Umxholo ochazwe ngokuthe ngqo kwinqaku awunakunyulwa, kwaye ukhetho oluthathwe kwinqaku kufuneka lukhethwe.
② Ukuqiqa asikokuthelekelela ngaphandle emoyeni, kodwa ukuthelekelela into engaziwayo esekwe koko kwaziwayo; xa uphendula impendulo echanekileyo, kufuneka ufumane isiseko okanye isizathu kwisicatshulwa.
③ Ukuthembeka kumbhalo wokuqala, ngokusekelwe kwiinyani kunye nemikhondo enikezwe linqaku. Musa ukutshintsha ezakho izimvo ngezimvo zombhali; sukuqhawula uqhawulo-mtshato kwiingcamango zantlandlolo.
Unokufuna ukuphuma IiMfuno eziMgangatho zeKholeji.
4. Imibuzo enentsingiselo yegama
Indawo yovavanyo:
①Thelekelela intsingiselo yegama elithile, ibinzana, isivakalisi②Chaza i igama okanye ibinzana kwisicatshulwa
③Gweba isimelabizo sesimelabizo esithile.
Iifomu zesindululo eziqhelekileyo zezi:
Igama/ibinzana elikrwelelwe umgca kumhlathi wesibini lithetha _____.
Igama elithi “bona/bona” kwisivakalisi sokugqibela libhekisa ku______.
Igama elithi “…” (Umgca 6. isitanza.2) mhlawumbi lithetha ______.
Igama elithi “…” (Umgca 6. isitanza.2) linokuthi endaweni yalo lithathelwe indawo yeyiphi kwezi zilandelayo?
Yeyiphi kwezi ilandelayo esondele kwintsingiselo yegama elithi “…”?
Ukuphendula izakhono
(1) Thelekelela igama ngesizathu
Eyokuqala kukufumana ubudlelwane obunengqiqo phakathi kwegama elitsha kunye nomxholo, kwaye ke unokuthelekelela igama. Ngamanye amaxesha amanqaku asebenzisa amagama anxulumeneyo (afana nanjengokuthi, njengokuba, ukususela, ngenxa, ngoko, ngoko, ngenxa yoko, kunjalo, ngoko, njl.njl.) ukuvakalisa unobangela nesiphumo.
Umzekelo, Ubungafanelanga umsole ngaloo nto, kuba yayingelotyala lakhe. Ngesizathu esivakaliswe kwisivakalisi esithi (asilotyala lakhe elo), unokuthelekelela ukuba igama elithi intsingiselo yokutyhola “lityala”.
(2) Thelekelela igama ngonxulumano phakathi kwezithethantonye kunye nezichasi
Ukuqikelela amagama ngezithethantonye, omnye kukujonga amabinzana athethantonye adityaniswe kunye okanye, anje ngokonwaba kunye ne-gay. Nokuba asilazi igama elithi gay, siyakwazi ukuba lithetha ukonwaba; enye kukuyisebenzisa kwinkqubo yokucacisa ngakumbi. Izithethantonye zokuthi, njengokuthi uMntu unento ayaziyo ngeeplanethi iVenus, iMars, neJupiter ngoncedo lweziphekepheke. Kwesi sivakalisi, uVenus (uVenus), uMars (uMars), kunye noJupiter (uJupiter) ngamagama amatsha onke, kodwa okoko usazi iiplanethi, Kunokuthelekelela ukuba la magama onke ngawentsingiselo “yeplanethi”.
Ukuthelekelela amagama ngokusebenzisa izichasi, enye kukujonga izihlanganisi okanye izihlomelo ezibonisa ubudlelwane benguquko, njengo-kodwa, ngelixa, nangona kunjalo, njl.; omnye kukujonga amagama angahambelaniyo okanye avakalisa intsingiselo engakhiyo, njengokuthi Yena usekhaya, akamhle njengomzalwana wakhe. Ngokungatsho kwaphela…umhle, akukho nzima kuthi ukuqikelela intsingiselo yekhaya, into ethetha ukuba ayimhle kwaye ayimhle.
(3) Thelekelela ukubunjwa kwegama negama
Ukugweba intsingiselo yamagama amatsha ngokusekwe kulwazi lokwakhiwa kwamagama anjengezimaphambili, izimamva, iikhompawundi, nezichasi njengoko Kungalindelekanga ukuba ebe imali. (“un” inentsingiselo engalunganga, ngoko ithetha “akunakwenzeka ukuba”.)
(4) Thetha intsingiselo yamagama ngokusebenzisa iingcaciso okanye unxulumano lokuchaza amagama athile
Umzekelo: Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, akukho mvula ine ixesha elide, elide. Emva koko kukho ixesha elomileyo okanye imbalela.
Ngokusuka kwesi sivakalisi singentla apho imbalela ikhoyo, siyazi ukuba akukhange kune mvula ixesha elide, ngoko kukho ixesha lembalela, oko kukuthi, imbalela. Ingabonwa ukuba imbalela ithetha “imbalela ende” kunye “nembalela”. Kwaye ixesha elomileyo kunye nembalela ziyafana.
Olu hlobo lwesithethantonye okanye unxulumano lwebinzana lamagama ludla ngokumelwa yi, okanye, oko kukuthi, ngamanye amazwi, kuthiwa, okanye udwi.
(5) Thetha intsingiselo yamagama ngokusebenzisa isivakalisi
Ngokomzekelo, iibhanana, iiorenji, iipayinapile, iikhokhonathi nezinye iintlobo zeziqhamo zikhula kwiindawo ezishushu. Ukuba iipayinapile kunye nekhokhonathi ngamagama amatsha, sinokuyigweba intsingiselo yazo eqikelelweyo ngokwendawo yala magama mabini kwisivakalisi.
Akunzima ukubona kwigatya lokuba iipayinapile, iikhokhonathi, neebhanana, iiorenji ziluhlobo olunye lobudlelwane, ziyinxalenye yeziqhamo, ngoko ke ziziindidi ezimbini zeziqhamo, ukuchaneka, ipayinaphu kunye nekokonathi.
(6) Thelekelela igama ngokuchaza
Inkcazo yinkcazo yenkangeleko yangaphandle okanye iimpawu zangaphakathi zomntu okanye into eyenziwe ngumbhali. Umzekelo, i-penguin luhlobo lwentaka yaselwandle ehlala kwi-South Pole. Ityebile kwaye ihamba ngendlela ehlekisayo.
Nangona ingakwazi ukubhabha, iyakwazi ukudada emanzini anomkhenkce ukuze ibambe iintlanzi. Ukusuka kwinkcazo yesivakalisi somzekelo, ungafumana ekwazini ukuba ipenguin yintaka ehlala e-Antarctica. Indlela yokuphila yale ntaka ichazwe ngokweenkcukacha kamva.
Ukusukela oko ufikelele kweli nqanaba, ndiyakubhiyozela ngenxa yokuba iinkokeli ngokuqinisekileyo zingabafundi. Ndininqwenelela okuhle kodwa zifundiswa njengoko nisenza iiMviwo zesiNgesi. Masinwabe!!!
Ungalibali ukusebenzisa icandelo lezimvo ukuba unemibuzo okanye nayiphi na igalelo kulo mxholo we-WSH. Siya kuyivuyela yonke iminikelo yakho.