Abantu emhlabeni wonke bebefuna izibonelelo zobunzima zomama abangabodwana kanye nendlela abangazifinyelela ngayo ukuze basinde ezikhathini ezinzima ezibusayo manje.
Izibonelelo ziyizinsiza zezezimali ezinikezwa ikakhulukazi uhulumeni (isikhungo esizimele/abantu ngabanye banganikeza izibonelelo futhi) ukusiza abantu abahola kancane. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuthi siqhubeke sibala ezimbalwa zalezi zibonelelo, kunemibuzo evamise ukubuzwa omama abangabodwana mayelana nezindaba ezithinta izibonelelo nokuthi bangasifaka kanjani isicelo salesi esiqhubekayo.
Imibuzo enjalo sizoyiphendula kulesi sihloko.
Njengoba izibonelelo eziningi ezibalwe lapha ziphathelene nohulumeni wase-US, akusho ukuthi izibonelelo ezinjalo azikho emazweni ethu. Bayakwenza futhi bangase banikezwe elinye igama emazweni anjalo.
Futhi, ukufaka isicelo noma ukuzuza ngezibonelelo akukona ukuphela kwenketho etholakalayo komama abangabodwa ezimeni zezinkinga zezimali. Kukhona ezinye izinketho abangakhetha kuzo futhi sizobhala lezi zinketho futhi kulesi sihloko.
Okuqukethwe
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Nezibonelelo Zobunzima Komama Abangashadile
1. Ngingalutholaphi Usizo Njengomama Oyedwa?
Ungafaka isicelo sezibonelelo zezezimali ze-Federal ezitholakalayo nezinye izibonelelo zendawo. Lezi zibonelelo zikusiza ukuthi ukhokhe izikweletu zakho futhi wonge imali ethile ezintela zakho.
2. Kuthiwani Uma Ngingafaneleki Ukuthola Izibonelelo?
Uma ungakufanelekeli ukuthola izibonelelo, kusho ukuthi uphakathi kwalabo abahola imali eningi ukuze ufaneleke noma uhola “okwanele” ukuze uthole izinzuzo ezifana nezitembu zokudla kodwa “kancane kakhulu” ongaphila ngazo inyanga ngayinye.
Uma uwela kunoma yisiphi salezi zigaba, ungakwazi, uma unenkinga yezimali, ukuthintana namabandla angakini, izinhlangano. izinhlangano ezisiza umphakathi kanye nezinhlangano zomphakathi ukuthola ukuthi zinganikeza uhlobo oluthile losizo lwesikhashana.
Ukudayela u-2-1-1 ukuze uthole usizo ngokudla, indawo yokuhlala, umsebenzi, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, ukwelulekwa, nanoma yisiphi isikhathi lapho udinga usizo lokukhokha izikweletu zakho kungaba inketho enhle ongayisebenzisa. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi, isevisi ye-2-1-1 itholakala 24/7.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, iningi lalezi zibonelelo zikahulumeni zomama abangabodwa zingezesikhashana, ngakho ukuthembela kuzo kuphela akuwona umqondo omuhle - kunalokho, zama ukuzimela ukuze ukwazi ukondla umndeni wakho uwedwa.
3. Ingabe Umama Oyedwa Angaluthola Usizo Ngenkulisa?
Omama abangabodwana bangathola usizo olunjalo besebenzisa Uhlelo Lwesikweletu Sokunakekelwa Kwengane kanye Nokunakekelwa Kwengane kuyikhredithi yentela ongayithola embusweni wakho wentela yemali engenayo.
I-Child Care Access Means Parents in School Programme (CCAMPIS) isiza omama abangabodwana abaphishekela imfundo futhi abadinga izinsiza zokunakekela izingane.
4. Umuntu Angasifaka Kanjani Isicelo Sesibonelelo Sikahulumeni
Okokuqala, kufanele wazi ukuthi uyafaneleka yini ukuthola lesi sibonelelo ofuna ukusifaka isicelo. Ukufaneleka kumayelana nomndeni wakho noma isimo sakho sezezimali somuntu siqu.
Uma usuhlangabezane nesimo sezimali esidingekayo, mhlawumbe isimo sokuhlala kungase kudingeke sihlolwe. Kuphephe kakhudlwana ukufuna izibonelelo ezinjalo ezitholakala esifundazweni ohlala kuso.
Uma uhlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo, kufanele ulandele inqubo ebhalwe phansi efomini lesicelo. Lokhu ungakuthola kusizindalwazi esisemthethweni somnikelo noma ihhovisi lendawo.
Uhlu Lwezibonelelo Zobunzima Komama Abangashadile
1. I-Federal Pell Grant
I-Pell Grant iwuhlelo lokusiza abafundi olukhulu kunazo zonke eMelika. Ihlinzeka ngezibonelelo ezifika ku-$6,495 kubafundi abaswele kakhulu ukuthi baye ekolishi.
Lesi sibonelelo esisekelwe ezidingweni sinikeza omama abangabodwana abahola kancane ithuba “lokubuyela esikoleni” baphinde baqale ukusebenza. Awudingi ukuyibuyisela le mali ngoba imahhala.
Isinyathelo sokuqala okufanele usithathe ekufakeni isicelo se-Pell Grant ukugcwalisa Isicelo Samahhala Se-Federal Student Aid (I-FAFSA). Umnqamulajuqu wokulethwa ungoJuni 30 unyaka ngamunye noma ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba 1 owandulela unyaka odinga usizo ngawo.
2. Isibonelelo Sokufunda se-Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity
Lokhu kufana ne-Pell Grant, i-FSEOG njengoba ivame ukubizwa kanjalo, wuhlobo lwemali yesibonelelo sikahulumeni eyengeziwe enikezwa abafundi “abanesidingo esikhulu” sosizo lwezezimali njengoba kunqunywa i-FAFSA.
Okubalulekile kunikezwa labo abanomnikelo ophansi Olindelekile Womndeni (EFC) nalabo abahlomulile noma abahlomulayo njengamanje ku-Pell Grant.
Abafundi abafanelekile bangaklonyeliswa ngezibonelelo ezengeziwe noma kuphi phakathi kuka-$100 no-$4,000 ngonyaka ngokusekelwe kubunzima bezidingo zabo kanye nokutholakala kwesikhwama.
3. Isibonelelo Sikahulumeni Sokufunda Umsebenzi
I-Federal Work-Study (FWS) wuhlelo losizo lwezezimali oluxhaswe yinhlangano ekahulumeni olunikeza abafundi abanomzali oyedwa indlela yokuthola imali ngokwenza umsebenzi wetoho ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle kwekhampasi, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni abawukhethile wokufunda.
Laba bafundi bangasebenza amahora afinyelela kwangu-20 ngesonto futhi bathole inkokhelo yanyanga zonke esekelwe eholweni lehora, abangalisebenzisa ezindlekweni zemfundo.
Nokho, le nketho izosebenza kuphela uma wena (umzali) unezindleko zokuphila ezincane futhi unokwesekwa komndeni ukuze uhlangabezane nezidingo zakho zokunakekela ingane.
4. Usizo Lwesikhashana Lwemindeni Eswele (TANF)
I-TANF iyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yenetha yokuphepha emindenini ehola kancane. Inhloso yawo enkulu ukusiza lolu hlobo lwemindeni ukuthi lukwazi ukuzimela ngokuhlanganiswa kosizo lwezezimali lwesikhashana namathuba omsebenzi.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezibonelelo ze-TANF. Ziyizibonelelo “zezingane kuphela” kanye “nomndeni”.
Izibonelelo zezingane kuphela, zenzelwe ukubheka izidingo zengane kuphela. Lesi sibonelelo sivame ukuba sincane kunezibonelelo zomndeni, cishe u-$8 ngosuku ngengane eyodwa.
Uhlobo lwesibili lwesibonelelo se-TANF “isibonelelo somndeni. Abaningi bathatha lesi sibonelelo njengesibonelelo esilula ukusithola.
Inikeza imali encane nyanga zonke yokudla, okokugqoka, indawo yokuhlala nezinye izinto ezibalulekile ― isikhathi esingafika eminyakeni emi-5, nakuba kunemikhawulo yesikhathi emifushane ezifundazweni eziningi.
Umama ongayedwa ongasebenzi, onezingane ezineminyaka engaphansi kweyi-19 ubudala, uyakufanelekela ukuthola lesi sibonelelo. Kodwa-ke, umamukeli kudingeka ukuthi abambe iqhaza emisebenzini yokusebenza okungenani amahora angama-20 ngesonto.
5. I-Federal Student Loan
Kumama ongayedwana odinga usizo olwengeziwe ngale kwesibonelelo sika-Pell ukuze abuyele esikoleni, kuzodingeka afake isicelo semali mboleko yabafundi - exhaswe noma engaxhaswanga. Zivame ukunikezwa njengengxenye yesamba sephakheji yosizo lwezezimali.
Nakuba lolu kuwuhlobo losizo lwezezimali olufiseleka kakhulu, imalimboleko yabafundi yenhlangano ivumela umama ongayedwana ukuthi aboleke imali yasekolishi ngamanani enzalo aphansi kuneningi lemali mboleko yangasese. Enye inzuzo yale mali mboleko ukuthi ungakwazi ukuhlehlisa izinkokhelo zenzalo kuze kube yilapho usuqedile.
Njengosizo lwabafundi abaningi be-federal, kuzodingeka uqale ufake isicelo se- FAFSA.
6. I-Diversion Cash Assistance (DCA)
I-Diversion Cash Assistance (DCA), yaziwa nangokuthi Usizo Lwemali Ephuthumayo. Ihlinzeka ngolunye usizo komama abangabodwa ezikhathini eziphuthumayo. Ngokuvamile inkokhelo yesikhathi esisodwa esikhundleni sezinzuzo zemali ezinwetshiwe.
Imindeni efanelekelayo ingathola isibonelelo sesikhathi esisodwa esingafika ku-$1,000 ukuze ibhekane nesimo esiphuthumayo noma esincane. Le mali ingase yehluke kuye ngobunzima benkinga yezimali.
7. Uhlelo Lokulekelelwa Kwezokudla (SNAP)
Inhloso ye-SNAP, phambilini eyayaziwa ngokuthi Uhlelo Lwesitembu Sokudla, ukunikeza imindeni eswele kakhulu ukudla okuthengekayo nokunempilo, iningi layo elihola kancane.
Kwabaningi baseMelika abampofu kakhulu, i-SNAP isiwukuphela kwendlela yosizo lwemali engenayo abayitholayo.
Lolu sizo luza ngendlela yekhadi ledebhithi (EBT) umamukeli angalisebenzisa ukuze athenge izinto zegrosa kunoma isiphi isitolo esibamba iqhaza endaweni yakhe.
Ingabe unaso isidingo sokufaka isicelo se-Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Programme (SNAP)? Kuzodingeka uthole ifomu okufanele uligcwalise bese ulibuyisela ehhovisi lendawo le-SNAP, kungaba ngokwakho, ngeposi, noma ngefeksi.
8. Uhlelo Lwabesifazane, Izinsana kanye Nezingane (WIC)
I-WIC iwuhlelo lokudla okunomsoco oluxhaswa nguhulumeni oluhlinzeka ngokudla kwamahhala okunempilo kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, omama abasha kanye nezingane ezineminyaka engaphansi kwemi-5, okungenzeka ukuthi “basengozini yokondleka kahle”.
Uhlelo lwesikhashana, abamukeli bathola izinzuzo izinyanga eziyisithupha kuya onyakeni. Ngemuva kokuthi isikhathi sesiphelile, kufanele baphinde bafake isicelo.
Ngenyanga, abesifazane abakulolu hlelo bathola i-$11 ngenyanga ngezithelo nemifino, kuthi izingane zithole ama-$9 ngenyanga.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunenye imali engu-$105 ngenyanga umama ongayedwa wezingane ezimbili.
Ukufaneleka kunqunywa ingozi yokondleka kanye nemali engenayo ewela ngaphansi kuka-185% wezinga lobumpofu kodwa ezifundazweni eziningi, kuzonikezwa kuqala abamukeli be-TANF.
9. Uhlelo Losizo Lokunakekelwa Kwezingane (CCAP)
Lolu hlelo luxhaswa ngokugcwele yi-Child Care and Development Block Grant, i-CCAP. Uhlelo olulawulwa uhulumeni olusiza imindeni ehola kancane ikhokhele ukunakekelwa kwezingane ngenkathi isebenza, ifuna umsebenzi noma ifunda noma iqeqeshwa.
Imindeni ethola usizo lokunakekela izingane idingwa yizifundazwe eziningi ukuthi inikele ezindlekweni zayo zokunakekela izingane, ngokusekelwe esikalini semali eslayidayo esiklanyelwe ukukhokhisa izinkokhelo ezihlangene eziphezulu emindenini enemali engenayo ephezulu.
Sicela uqaphele ukuthi imihlahlandlela yokufaneleka iyahlukahluka kuye kwesinye nesifunda kodwa ezimweni eziningi, imali engenayo akumele ibe nkulu kunomkhawulo wemali engenayo obekwe isimo sakho sokuhlala.
10. Ukufinyelela Ekunakekelweni Kwezingane Kusho Abazali Abasohlelweni Lwesikole (CCAMPIS)
Nasi esinye isibonelelo sobunzima esiza endaweni yeshumi ohlwini lwethu. Uhlelo Lokuthola Ukunakekelwa Kwezingane Kusho Abazali Esikoleni, kuwukuphela kohlelo lwesibonelelo sikahulumeni olunikezelwe ekuhlinzekweni kokunakekelwa kwezingane okusekelwe ekhempasini kubazali abahola kancane emfundweni yangemuva kwesecondary.
I-CCAMPIS ihloselwe ukusiza abazali abangabafundi abahola kancane abadinga usizo lokunakekela izingane ukuze bahlale esikoleni futhi bathole iziqu zasekolishi. Abafake izicelo bavamise ukuba baningi ngakho kuzodingeka ukuthi ungene ohlwini lokulinda.
Izicelo zicatshangelwa usizo lokunakekela izingane ngoxhaso lwe-CCAMPIS ngesisekelo salokhu okulandelayo: isimo sokufaneleka, iholo lezezimali, isidingo, izinsiza, namazinga eminikelo yomndeni.
11. UMnyango Wezezindlu Nokuthuthukiswa Kwezindawo zasemadolobheni (HUD)
Lo mnyango ubhekelele usizo lwezindlu ngamavawusha ezindlu zeSigaba 8, okuwuhlelo oluhloselwe abantu abahola kancane. Izikhungo zezindlu zomphakathi zendawo zisabalalisa la mavawusha asetshenziselwa ukukhokha irenti ezindlini ezihlangabezana nezindinganiso eziphansi zezempilo nezokuphepha.
Iholo labenzi bezicelo akumele lidlule ku-50% wemali engenayo yasekhaya yesigaba esiphakathi endaweni abafuna ukuhlala kuyo. Kodwa-ke, u-75% walabo abathola usizo banemali engenayo engeqile ku-30% wendawo emaphakathi. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nalesi sibonelelo, xhumana ne-ejensi yendawo yokuhlala yomphakathi noma ihhovisi le-HUD lendawo.
12. Uhlelo Oluncane Lokusizwa Kwezamandla Emakhaya
Izindleko zosizo zingase zibe inkinga kwabanye omama abangabodwa. Kodwa akumele ukhathazeke uma unalolu daba ngoba, usizo lwamandla asekhaya oluhola kancane luwuhlelo oluhlinzeka ngosizo lwezezimali lwemindeni ehola kancane.
Lolu xhaso lwezezimali luyingxenye yebhili yensiza yanyanga zonke ekhokhwa ngqo enkampanini yezinsiza ngalolu hlelo. Ngakho-ke wena njengomama ongayedwana ungasifaka isicelo salesi sibonelelo uma iholo lakho lingeqi ku-60% wemali engenayo emaphakathi.
13. Uhlelo Lomshwalense Wezempilo Wezingane
Umshwalense wezempilo wezingane ungesinye isibonelelo sobunzima esitholakala ukusiza omama abangabodwa. Ngaphansi kwalolu hlelo, izingane ezingenamshwalense ezifika eminyakeni engu-19 zizothola umshwalense wezempilo. Lolu hlelo ikakhulukazi kulabo abangenawo amandla okuthenga izinto eziyimfihlo. Lo mshwalense uhlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo: ukuvakasha kodokotela, ukugoma, amazinyo, nokuthuthukiswa kwamehlo. Lolu hlelo lumahhala futhi omama abangabodwa bangafaka isicelo salolu hlelo.
14. Uhlelo Lokusiza Isimo Sezulu
Usizo lwesimo sezulu ngolunye uhlelo oluhle olusiza abantu abahola kancane, kulokhu omama abangabodwa. Impela, udla amandla amancane ngoba uncike emthonjeni wamandla wemvelo. Ngaphansi kwalolu hlelo, omama asebekhulile kanye omama abangabodwa abanezingane bathola okubaluleke kakhulu. Uma iholo lakho lingaphansi kuka-200% wezinga lobumpofu, uzokwazi ukuthola lolu sizo.
15. I-Medicaid Health Insurance yabampofu
Omama abangabodwana ngokuqinisekile baneholo elincane futhi abanayo imali yokuthenga noma yimuphi umshwalense wezokwelapha. Kulesi simo, lesi sibonelelo sihlinzeka ngosizo lwezezimali emindenini ehola kancane kanye nomama abangabodwana. I-Medicaid ingeyabantu abampofu kakhulu kanye nabantu asebekhulile. Ngakho-ke, le Medicaid ingaba enye inketho enhle komama abangabodwa ukuze bathole usizo lwezokwelashwa mahhala.
Izindawo Omama Abangashadile Bangakwazi Ukuhlelela Usizo Lwezezimali eceleni Kwezibonelelo Zikahulumeni
I-1. Ukuxhaswa Kwezingane
Njengomama ongayedwana, ungase ungakubheki ngokushesha ukondla kwengane njengomthombo wosizo. Ngoba izikhathi eziningi, izinkokhelo azihambisani noma azifani nhlobo. Kodwa lokhu kuwumthombo wosizo obalulekile okufanele uwufune ngoba njengomama ongayedwana, ukuze uzuze kweminye imithombo yosizo lukahulumeni. Lokhu ukufaneleka okukodwa hhayi wonke umama ongayedwana owaziyo.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uhulumeni ufuna umlingani wakhe wezezimali anikele ngezimali ngaphambi kokuba anikeze noma yiluphi uhlobo losizo. Lona omunye wemithombo engcono kakhulu yosizo lwezezimali komama abangabodwa.
I-2. Abangani nomndeni
Manje, umndeni nabangane bawumkhakha owodwa wabantu okungafanele banganakwa ngezikhathi zesidingo. Bangase bazimisele ukukusiza ukuba unqobe ukuhlehla kwesikhashana, njengokukhokhela imoto noma ukukhanda indlu ngokungalindelekile noma ukukusiza unakekele ingane yakho kuyilapho uthola umsebenzi wesibili noma ukunciphisa ukunakekelwa kwengane.
Uma abazali bakho besaphila, bangakwazi futhi ukukunikeza ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe kwengane phakathi nomsebenzi amahora ambalwa engeziwe. Kodwa konke lokhu kubilisa ebudlelwaneni obuhle. Kufanele ube nobudlelwano obuhle nomndeni wakho nabangane ukuze bakwazi ukukusiza lapho ubadinga.
I-3. Izinhlangano zomphakathi
Ngeke sikushaye indiva iqiniso lokuthi kunezinhlangano zomphakathi ezifana namasonto endawo, izinhlangano zezenkolo, nama-NGO ahlinzeka ngemisebenzi kulabo abaswele. Ungena nabo futhi bangakunikeza usizo oludingayo noma bakhombe ezinsizeni ezengeziwe endaweni yangakini. Lokhu kungenye yezindawo omama abangabodwa abangazihlunga ukuze bathole usizo.
I-4. Izingubo zokudla
Lona omunye umthombo wosizo inethiwekhi yendawo yokudla. Abizwa nangokuthi "amabhange okudla". Isebenza kanjani ngokuhlinzeka ngokudla okuyisisekelo okufana ne-pasta, irayisi, imifino efakwe ethini, ngisho nezinto zangasese.
Izikhathi eziningi, amabhange okudla anqunyelwe ezimpahleni ezingaboli, kodwa amanye ahlinzeka ngobisi namaqanda. Ngesikhathi samaholide, ama-pantries anganikeza ama-turkeys noma ingulube efriziwe.
Ekuphetheni
Akudingekile ukuba omama abangabodwa bahlupheke ngezikhathi ezinzima, ngoba yilapho bedinga usizo. Ngenhlanhla kukhona izibonelelo ezivela kuhulumeni futhi ezivela kubantu abazimele noma izinhlangano ezivulekele omama abangabodwa. Okufanele ukwenze ukufuna lezi zibonelelo bese ufaka isicelo. Nokho, ungakhohlwa ukufuna usizo emndenini nakubangane futhi.
