A matsayin ɗalibi na ƙasa da ƙasa, karatu a mafi kyawun makarantun gine-gine a Amurka na iya zama abu ɗaya da kuke buƙatar kewaya aikin ku azaman mai zane don samun nasara.
Koyaya, karatun gine-gine a Amurka yana da ƙalubale da yawa. Babban kalubalen shine samun bayanan da suka dace.
Ko da yake, babu shakka cewa Amurka tana ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun wuraren da ake zuwa don karantar Gine-gine a duniya.
A cikin wannan labarin, zan yi iya ƙoƙarina don ƙarfafa duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da karatun gine-gine a Amurka, tun daga neman makarantu da karatun gine-gine a Amurka zuwa rayuwa mafarkin Amurka.
Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
Karatun Architecture a Amurka
Karatun gine-gine a Amurka babban alƙawari ne, na kuɗi da kuma hikimar lokaci. Kwararren digiri na shekaru biyar na Bachelor of Architecture (BArch), zai gudanar da ku kusan $ 150k. Duk da haka, ba zai yuwu a shiga makarantar gine-gine ko samun aikin injiniya ba tare da ɗaya ba. Bayan haka, akwai Darussan Ilimin Halitta na Kan layi waɗanda aka yarda da su. Kuna iya kallo.
A halin yanzu, Amurka tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashen da ake nema don ɗalibai a duk faɗin duniya. Tukunyar narkewa ce ta al'adu kuma tana ba da salon rayuwa ga duk mazaunanta.
Hakanan yana da ingantaccen tsarin ilimi wanda ke jan hankalin ɗalibai daga ko'ina cikin duniya. hakika, idan kuna neman yin nazarin gine-gine a Amurka, kuna cikin sa'a!
Makarantun gine-gine a Amurka suna ba da mafi kyawun horo da ilimi ga ɗaliban su. Akwai nau'ikan digiri daban-daban na gine-gine da ke akwai ga waɗanda ke son yin nazarin wannan fanni a matakin ilimi mafi girma.
Ana iya samun darussan gine-gine na kan layi a cikin takaddun shaida, abokan hulɗa, digiri na farko, masters, da shirye-shiryen digiri na uku.
Daliban da suka yi rajista a cikin shirin gine-gine yawanci suna koyan ƙirar gini, ƙirƙira, da dorewa.
Wasu daga cikin waɗannan shirye-shiryen kuma sun haɗa da azuzuwan kasuwanci don taimakawa ɗalibai haɓaka ƙwarewar gudanarwa. Shirye-shiryen gine-gine kuma sun haɗa da buƙatun ilimi na gaba ɗaya waɗanda ke ba wa ɗalibai ingantaccen ilimi. Don haka, menene ainihin masu ginin gine-gine suke yi?
Menene ainihin masu gine-ginen suke yi?
Kalmar “masu gine-gine” ta samo asali ne daga tsohuwar Hellenanci, inda kalmar “architekton” ke nufin ƙwararren magini. Sana'ar gine-gine ta samo asali tun daga wancan lokacin, kuma a yau ta haɗu da fannonin lissafi, kimiyyar lissafi, ƙira, da fasaha don ƙirƙirar gini ko tsari mai aiki da kyau.
Gine-gine shine fasaha da kimiyya na zayyana gine-gine, gine-gine, da sauran abubuwa na zahiri. Gine-gine na ɗaya daga cikin manyan mashahuran masana a cikin Amurka.
Masu gine-gine yawanci suna da aƙalla digiri na farko a fannin gine-gine.
Bugu da ƙari, waɗanda ke son ci gaba zuwa matsayi na jagoranci na iya buƙatar digiri na digiri. A wasu lokuta, suna buƙatar lasisi daga jihar da suke aiki a ciki.
Fage guda bakwai waɗanda dole ne masu ginin gine-gine su sani game da su don yin aiki:
- Tarihi da ka'idar gine-gine
- Tsarin tsari
- Lambobi da ka'idoji
- Hanyoyin gini da kayan gini
- Tsarin injina da lantarki
- Tsare-tsare da haɓakawa
- Ayyukan gine-gine.
Nau'in nauyin nauyi na Architect
Masu ginin gine-gine ƙwararrun ƙwararrun horarwa ne waɗanda ke aiki don ƙira da tsara tsari kamar gine-gine, gadoji, da ramuka.
Suna ƙirƙirar tsarin aiki waɗanda suka dace da ƙayyadaddun buƙatun. Har ila yau, masu ginin gine-gine suna la'akari da dokokin kare lafiyar jama'a, manufofin muhalli, da sauran abubuwa.
Ga wasu daga cikin ayyukan Architect:
- Ganawa da abokan ciniki don fahimtar bukatun su
- Shirye-shiryen samfura da zane-zane na sababbin tsarin
- Tabbatar cewa tsare-tsaren gini sun cika ka'idojin muhalli
- Haɗin kai tare da ma'aikatan gini da sauran 'yan kwangila yayin aikin ginin.
Ayyukan Digiri na Gine-ginen kan layi
Kamar yadda muka fada a baya, ana samun digiri na Gine-gine na kan layi a cikin Amurka. Abin takaici, wannan baya cikin ɓangaren Mafi sauƙin Shirye-shiryen Digiri na Masters akan layi ba su da sauƙi kamar yadda kuke so. Ayyukan kwas don digiri na gine-ginen kan layi ya bambanta dangane da nau'in digirin da aka samu. Koyaya, yawancin digiri na gine-gine suna buƙatar azuzuwan ƙira, gini, da dorewa.
Wadannan su ne wasu samfurin darasi na kwas don digiri na gine-ginen kan layi:
Fasahar Gina I da II: Waɗannan kwasa-kwasan suna koya wa ɗalibai yadda ake amfani da kayayyaki iri-iri a cikin aikin gini.
Tarihin Architecture I da II: Waɗannan darussa suna bincika tarihin gine-gine a duniya. Ana sa ran ɗalibai su nuna ilimin salon gine-gine. Yadda suka rinjayi gine-gine na zamani kuma za a koyar da su a cikin wannan kwas kuma.
Za su kuma koyi game da ka'idodin da ke bayan waɗannan gine-gine da kuma dalilin da ya sa aka halicce su.
Abin da ya kamata ku duba yayin neman Makarantar Architecture
Idan kuna sha'awar nazarin gine-gine, dole ne kuyi la'akari da bangarori daban-daban.
Misali, lokacin zabar jami'a, kuna iya son sanin yadda makarantar gine-gine take da kyau kuma idan tana da wasu shahararrun tsofaffin ɗalibai.
Hakanan, kuna iya son sanin irin kayan aiki (laburatun, dakunan gwaje-gwaje, da sauransu) waɗanda ke hannunku.
Wasu muhimman abubuwa sune wurin, kuɗin koyarwa, da tsadar rayuwa.
Bayan haka, lokacin zabar jami'ar ku ta gaba, yana da mahimmanci ku bincika ko an amince da ita kuma an gane ta NAAB (Hukumar Tabbatar da Gine-gine ta Ƙasa).
Wannan ƙungiyar tana kimanta duk shirye-shiryen gine-gine a Amurka da Kanada don tantance idan sun cika ƙa'idodin izini ko a'a. A al'ada, ana buƙatar takardar shaidar NAAB ga mutanen da ke son yin aiki a matsayin mai zane a Arewacin Amurka.
Don nemo kwalejin da ke ba da darussa a fannin gine-gine. Kuna iya samun waɗannan makarantu ta hanyar gidan yanar gizon Hukumar Rajista ta Kasa (NCARB).
Sannan kuma ku tuntubi sashin ilimin jihar ku don tabbatar da cewa makarantar da kuka zaba ta samu karbuwa daga AIA ko NAAB, kungiyoyi ne na gine-ginen gine-gine na kasa, ba wai wasu makarantu ba ne kawai wadanda ba su da izini.
Da zarar kun zaɓi makaranta, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar jarrabawar NCARB. Wannan gwaji ne na sa'o'i 3 wanda ya ƙunshi batutuwa kamar tarihin gine-gine, ka'idar ƙira da aiki, ka'idojin gini da ƙa'idodi, ɗabi'a da ɗabi'a na ƙwararru, da sauran batutuwan da suka shafi zama mai zane. Gwajin yana kashe dala $250 kuma yana da ƙimar wucewa kusan 80%.
Idan kun gaza a karon farko, kada ku damu! Akwai albarkatu da yawa da ake samu akan layi waɗanda zasu taimaka muku shirya wannan gwajin. Misali, idan ka nemo “jarrabawar gine-gine” akan Google ko Bing, zaku sami yawancin gidajen yanar gizo masu jagororin karatu da kuma yin tambayoyi.
Mafi kyawun Makarantun Gine-gine a Amurka
Babu makarantar ‘mafi kyau’ ga kowa da kowa domin kowa yana da fifiko da bukatu daban-daban idan ana maganar ilimi.
Ta hanyar kallon abin da makarantu daban-daban ke bayarwa, ko da yake, ya kamata ku sami wanda ya dace da bukatunku da abubuwan da kuke so.
Idan kuna son yin nazarin gine-gine a Amurka, kuna da zaɓin zaɓi da yawa a gare ku. Duk da haka, wasu makarantu sun fi wasu kyau don wannan fannin karatu.
Za mu duba mafi kyawun makarantun gine-gine a cikin Amurka ta Amurka don ku zaɓi wanda ya dace da ku.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa ba mu sanya kowace makaranta matsayi a kan gaba ɗaya sunanta ba.
Madadin haka, muna kallon waɗanne shirye-shiryen gine-gine mafi shahara. Wataƙila ba su zama manyan jami'o'i gabaɗaya ba amma suna ba da ilimi na musamman na gine-gine kuma wasu daga cikin waɗanda suka kammala karatunsu sun ci gaba da zama ƙwararrun gine-gine.
A ƙasa akwai tebur da ke nuna 20 Mafi kyawun Makarantun Gine-gine a Amurka:
| Rankings | Jami'ar | location |
| 1 | Jami'ar California - Berkeley | Berkeley, California |
| 2 | Massachusetts Cibiyar Fasaha | Cambridge, Massachusetts |
| 2 | Harvard University | Cambridge, Massachusetts |
| 2 | Jami'ar Cornell | Ithaca, New York |
| 3 | Columbia University | New York City |
| 3 | Princeton University | Princeton, New Jersey |
| 6 | Rice University | Houston, Texas |
| 7 | Jami'ar Carnegie Mellon | Pittsburgh, Pennyslavia |
| 7 | Jami'ar Yale | Sabuwar Haven, Connecticut |
| 7 | Jami'ar Pennyslavia | Philadelphia, Pennyslavia |
| 10 | Jami'ar Michigan | Ann Arbor, Michigan |
| 10 | Jami'ar Southern California | Los Angeles, California |
| 10 | Cibiyar Nazarin Kasa ta Georgia | Atlanta, Jojiya |
| 10 | Jami'ar California, Los Angeles | Los Angeles, California |
| 14 | Jami'ar Texas a Austin | Austin, dake Jihar Texas |
| 15 | Jami'ar Syracuse | Syracuse, New York |
| 15 | Jami'ar Virginia | Charlottesville, Virginia |
| 15 | Stanford University | Stanford, Kalifoniya |
| 15 | Cibiyar Kwalejin Kudancin California | Los Angeles, California |
| 20 | Virginia Technology | Blacksburg, Virginia |
Manyan Makarantun Gine-gine 10 a Amurka
Anan ga jerin mafi kyawun Makarantun Gine-gine a Amurka:
- Jami'ar California-Berkeley
- Massachusetts Cibiyar Fasaha
- Harvard University
- Jami'ar Cornell
- Columbia University
- Princeton University
- Rice University
- Jami'ar Carnegie Mellon
- Jami'ar Yale
- Jami'ar Pennsylvania.
1. Jami'ar California-Berkeley
Wannan ita ce mafi kyawun makarantar gine-gine a Amurka.
A cikin 1868, an kafa Jami'ar California, Berkeley. Cibiyar bincike ce ta jama'a a Berkeley wacce ta shahara a tsakanin makarantun Amurka.
Tsarin karatu a Jami'ar California, Berkeley, ya haɗu da wajibcin ƙirar muhalli da darussan gine-gine tare da damar samun damammakin karatu masu zaman kansu.
Tsarin karatun su yana ba da cikakkiyar gabatarwa ga fannin gine-gine ta hanyar darussa na asali da karatu a fannoni da yawa.
Ƙirar gine-gine da wakilci, fasahar gine-gine da aikin gini, tarihin gine-gine, da al'umma da al'adu duk yankunan da ɗalibai za su iya shirya don ƙwarewa a cikin horo.
2. Cibiyar fasaha ta Massachusetts
Sashen Gine-gine a MIT yana da babban aikin bincike wanda ya bazu ko'ina cikin fagage daban-daban.
Bugu da ƙari, wurin Sashen a cikin MIT yana ba da damar zurfin zurfi a fannoni kamar kwamfutoci, sabbin hanyoyin ƙira da samarwa, kayan aiki, tsari, da kuzari, gami da fasaha da ɗan adam.
Sashen yana sadaukar da kai don kiyaye ƙimar ɗan adam da haɓaka ayyuka masu karɓuwa ga gine-gine a cikin al'umma.
Wuri ne da ake ƙarfafa ƙirƙira ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun ɗan adam, zamantakewa, da sanin muhalli na manufa.
3. Jami'ar Harvard
Nazarin Architecture hanya ce a cikin Faculty of Arts and Sciences' History of Art and Architecture girmamawa ga ɗaliban Jami'ar Harvard. Tarihin Fasaha da Gine-gine da Makarantar Ƙira ta Graduate sun haɗu don ba da kwas.
Gine-ginen ya ƙunshi ba kawai ainihin tsarin aikin ɗan adam ba har ma da matakai masu ƙarfi waɗanda ke ba da ma'anar ayyukan ɗan adam da gogewa, kuma yana zaune a tsaka-tsakin hangen nesa na ƙirƙira, aiwatarwa mai amfani, da amfani da zamantakewa.
A cikin saitunan azuzuwan na al'ada da kuma “yin”-gidaje na tushen da aka haɓaka musamman don wannan mahimmanci, nazarin gine-ginen ya haɗu da hanyoyin fasaha da na ɗan adam na bincike tare da rubutattu da hanyoyin wakilci.
4. Jami'ar Cornell
Ma'aikatan sashen gine-ginen sun ƙirƙiri ingantaccen tsari kuma cikakke shirin wanda ke mai da hankali kan ƙira, da falsafa, tarihi, fasaha, wakilci, da tsari.
Jami'ar Cornell wata jami'ar bincike ce mai zaman kanta a Ithaca, New York.
Duk ɗalibai suna bin babban tsarin karatu na shekaru uku na farkon karatunsu, wanda ke da niyyar ƙirƙirar tushe mai ƙarfi don ilimin gine-gine da ƙari.
Ana ƙarfafa ɗalibai su yi aiki a fagage a cikin semester huɗu na ƙarshe, suna mai da hankali kan hanyar karatu mai ban sha'awa da hasashe.
Gine-gine, Al'adu, da Al'umma; Kimiyyar Gine-gine da Fasaha; Tarihin Gine-gine; Binciken Gine-gine; da Wakilin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Gine-gine duk ana samun su azaman tattarawa a cikin gine-gine.
5. Jami'ar Columbia
Babban gine-ginen gine-gine a Jami'ar Columbia an gina shi ne a kusa da cikakkiyar manhaja, kayan aikin yankan-baki, da ayyuka da yawa da al'amuran da ke ƙarfafa gano ƙira, binciken gani, da tattaunawa mai mahimmanci.
Ƙirar gine-gine da wakilci, fasahar gine-gine da aikin gini, tarihin gine-gine, da al'umma da al'adu duk yankunan da manhaja ke shirya dalibai don ƙwarewa a cikin batun.
Bugu da ƙari, gine-gine a Jami'ar Columbia ya haɗu da dabarun fasaha da na ɗan adam na bincike tare da nau'ikan rubutu da na gani a cikin saitunan aji na yau da kullun da kuma ɗakunan studio waɗanda aka ƙirƙira musamman don wannan ƙwarewa.
6. Jami'ar Princeton
An lura da tsarin karatun digiri na farko a Makarantar Gine-ginen don tsayayyen tsarinsa da tsaka-tsakin tsarin ilimin gabanin ƙwararru.
Shirin su yana kaiwa ga AB tare da maida hankali a cikin gine-gine kuma yana ba da gabatarwa ga gine-gine a cikin mahallin ilimin fasaha na sassaucin ra'ayi.
Masu karatun digiri na biyu suna nazarin fannoni daban-daban waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa ga ilimin gine-gine da hangen nesa, gami da nazarin gine-gine, wakilci, ƙididdiga, da fasahar gini, baya ga ƙirar gine-gine da tarihi da ka'idar gine-gine da ƙauyuka.
Faɗin tsarin ilimi irin wannan kuma yana taimaka wa ɗalibai shirya don kammala karatun digiri a cikin gine-gine da fannonin da suka shafi gine-ginen gine-gine, tsara birane, injiniyan farar hula, tarihin fasaha, da fasahar gani.
7. Jami'ar Rice
Jami'ar William Marsh Rice, wani lokaci ana kiranta "Jami'ar Rice," babbar jami'a ce a manyan jami'o'in Amurka.
Jami'ar Rice tana da shirin gine-gine da aka tsara wanda ke magance ƙalubalen gine-gine ta hanyar bincike da haɗin gwiwa tare da sassan kamar nazarin muhalli, kasuwanci, da injiniyanci.
Yana da nau'i-nau'i iri-iri kuma yana ba wa ɗalibai damar shiga horon horo tare da wasu manyan kamfanoni don samun ci gaba a kan sana'a mai ban sha'awa.
Dalibai za su sami taimako da kulawa ba tare da kwazo ba sakamakon shirin.
8 Jami'ar Carnegie Mellon
Haskaka na gine-gine yana buƙatar cikakken koyarwar tushe da haɓaka na musamman. Jami'ar Carnegie Mellon sananne ne saboda matsayinta a matsayin babbar makarantar koyar da horo da kuma ƙungiyar bincike ta duniya.
Daliban da suka yi karatun gine-gine a CMU na iya ƙware a cikin ƙayyadaddun tsari kamar ƙira mai dorewa ko ƙididdigewa, ko haɗa karatunsu tare da sauran sanannun fannonin CMU kamar ilimin ɗan adam, kimiyya, kasuwanci, ko injiniyoyi.
Manufar Jami'ar Carnegie Mellon ita ce samar da zurfin matakin shiga cikin duk fannonin gine-ginenta. Tushensa ya samo asali ne akan ƙirƙira da ƙirƙira, waɗanda ke tafiyar da ra'ayi na bincike.
9. Jami'ar Yale
Babban gine-ginen gine-gine a Jami'ar Yale an shirya shi ne ta hanyar ingantaccen manhaja, albarkatu masu yanke shawara, da kewayon shirye-shirye da abubuwan da ke haifar da gano ƙira, binciken gani, da tattaunawa mai mahimmanci.
Tarihi na gine-gine da falsafa, ƙauyuka da shimfidar wurare, kayan aiki da fasaha, da sifofi da ƙididdiga duk an rufe su a cikin manhajar ta hanyar zane-zane da ɗakunan karatu, da laccoci da karawa juna sani.
Shirye-shirye da yawa, ayyuka, da abubuwan da suka faru na yau da kullun suna haɓaka tsarin karatun, gami da damar balaguron ɗalibi, nune-nunen zane-zane na ɗalibi, da wuraren buɗe ido.
10. Jami'ar Pennsylvania
An kafa shirin karatun digiri na farko a Jami'ar Pennsylvania a cikin gine-gine a cikin 2000 don ba da dama ga ɗaliban da ke karatun digiri a Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya.
Dalibai a Jami'ar Pennsylvania suna nazarin gine-gine a matakai daban-daban na haɗin gwiwa, kama daga taron karawa juna sani na Freshman zuwa ƙarami a cikin gine-gine zuwa Manyan gine-gine. Dalibai sun mayar da hankali kan abubuwa uku: Zane, Tarihi & Ka'idar, da Ƙira mai Tsari.
An karɓi Bachelor of Arts (BA) tare da Major a Architecture daga Makarantar Arts & Sciences. Kuma makarantar tana matsayin ɗayan mafi kyawun makarantun gine-gine a Amurka da ƙasashen waje.
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi game da Mafi kyawun Makarantun Gine-gine a Amurka
Menene halayen kyawawan gine-ginen makaranta?
Kyakkyawan makarantar gine-ginen da gaske za ta kasance mai cin gashin kanta: ɗalibai za su kasance masu ƙwazo a cikin yanke shawara da ayyukan samarwa, kuma ba za ta sami wata ƙa'ida ba face abin da aka samar a lokacin. Zai yi gwaji a ko'ina cikin yankuna waɗanda kawai za a iya haifar da bambance-bambance.
Menene karatun Architecture 'digiri na farko'?
An ba da Bachelor of Science in Architectural Studies (BSAS) bayan shirye-shiryen karatun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun shekaru huɗu. Daliban da suka kammala karatun digiri na farko na iya neman matsayi na gaba a cikin ƙwararren Jagora na Architecture (M. Arch).
Yaya tsawon lokacin da ake ɗauka don samun takardar shaidar koleji?
Manhajar karatun shekaru huɗu kafin ƙwararru a cikin karatun gine-gine, Bachelor of Science in Architectural Studies. Yawancin ɗalibai suna kammala karatunsu cikin shekaru huɗu. Ga waɗanda ke da BSAS ko kwatankwacin digiri daga wani shirin, ƙwararren Master of Architecture digiri (ana buƙatar lasisi a yawancin jihohi) yana buƙatar ƙarin shekaru biyu.
Menene bambanci tsakanin B.Arch da M.Arch?
Ma'auni na ƙwararrun abun ciki na B.Arch, M.Arch, ko D.Arch waɗanda NAAB ko CACB suka amince da su sun kasance iri ɗaya ne ga B.Arch, M.Arch, ko D.Arch. Duk nau'ikan digiri uku suna buƙatar azuzuwan ilimi gabaɗaya. Cibiyar tana ƙayyade abin da ya ƙunshi nazarin 'matakin digiri'.
Tare da M.Arch zan iya tsammanin ƙarin albashi?
Gabaɗaya, ana ƙididdige biyan kuɗi a cikin kamfanonin gine-gine ta matakin ƙwarewa, ƙirar fasaha na mutum, da ingancin aikin da aka nuna ta hanyar bita na fayil. Ba a cika neman kwafin maki.
Mun kuma bayar da shawarar:
- 20 Mafi kyawun Masters a cikin kimiyyar bayanai akan layi - Matsayin shirin
- 15 Mafi kyawun Shirye-shiryen Nazarin Kasuwanci a Duniya
- 15 Mafi kyawun Makarantun Haƙori a Florida - Babban Matsayin Makaranta
- Mafi kyawun Makarantun Kiwon Lafiyar Florida 11 - Matsayin Makarantar Florida
- 30 Mafi kyawun Makarantun Fim a Duniya
- 20 Mafi kyawun Makarantun Likita a Philippines - Matsayin Makaranta.
Kammalawa
A ƙarshe, Idan kuna neman yin nazarin gine-gine a Amurka, ba kwa buƙatar damuwa.
Jerin makarantun da aka tattara a sama sun ƙunshi wasu mafi kyawun makarantun gine-gine a Amurka waɗanda ke ba da kowane matakan digiri, gami da digiri na farko, na masters, da digirin digiri na digiri.
Don haka, ko kuna neman koyon yadda ake zayyana gine-gine, ko kuna son koyon yadda ake zama masanin gine-gine, muna fatan wannan jeri zai taimaka muku yin zaɓin da ya dace.