Kuva neunyanzvi hwekutaura pasina kutaura kwakakosha pakukurukurirana kunobudirira. Nguva zhinji, zvirevo zvisingatauriki zvinoshandiswa nekusaziva uye nekuziva kuendesa meseji.
Nhaurirano isiri yemuromo inogona kushandiswa kupa ruzivo rwakawanda kupfuura dzimwe nzira dzekutaurirana. Albert Mehrabian anoratidza kuti kutaurirana 55% kusataura, 38% yemuromo, uye 7% yakanyorwa chete.
Nepo isu tichiwanzoziva nezvekutaura nekunyora kwekutaura, kutaurirana kusingawanzo kunoshandiswa tisingazivi. Saka, zvinodikanwa kukudziridza hunyanzvi hwekutaura husina kutaura kudzivirira kutaurirana kusingaite.
Mugwaro rino, uchadzidza tsananguro yeunyanzvi hwekutaura usingatauriki, mienzaniso nemhando dzekutaura pasina kutaura, zvakanakira nekupikiswa kwekutaura kusingatauri, uye magadzirirwo aungaite hunyanzvi hwako hwekutaurirana pasina kutaura.
Zviri Mukati
Chii chinonzi Nonverbal Communication Skills?
Kutaudzana kusingaite (Nonverbal communication) zvinoreva nzira yekusvitsa shoko pasina kushandisa mazwi, angave ataurwa kana kunyorwa. Murudzi urwu rwekutaurirana, mameseji anofambiswa kuburikidza nekuonana nemeso, padyo, majeti, chitarisiko, nezvimwe.
Nonverbal kutaurirana hunyanzvi ndiko kugona kuvharidzira uye decode zvisizvo zvikwangwani.
Encoding ndiko kugona kutaura manzwiro nenzira iyo anogamuchira anogona kududzira nemazvo mameseji.
Kudhirodha ndiko kugona kutora manzwiro akavharidzirwa uye kududzira zvazvinoreva nenzira kwayo kune izvo zvinotarisirwa nemutumwa.
Mhando dzeNonverbal Communication
Kune marudzi manomwe makuru ekutaura pasina kutaura, anoti:
1. Kinesics
Kinesics inosanganisira kushandiswa kwezviito, kumira kwemuviri, kutarisa maziso, uye chiso chekutaura sekutaura kusina kutaura.
Zviito
Majesuro anogona kuiswa muchikamu kuita maadapter, zviratidzo, uye illustrators.
Adapta:
Maadapter anoshandiswa nekusaziva uye haana chirevo chaicho kune vese vanotumira uye vanogamuchira. Zvinoratidza kuti munhu ari kushushikana kana kusagadzikana.
Aya maitiro anogona kunge ari ega-adaptors eg kukosora, kuchenesa pahuro nezvimwe kana zvinhu-adaptor semuenzaniso kudzvanya ma smartphones, kutamba nepeni, kubata bvudzi rako, nezvimwe.
Emblems:
Zviratidzo zviratidzo zvine zvazvinoreva. Vanogona kutsiva mazwi zvachose.
Semuenzaniso, unogona kuzunguza maoko ako, pane kuti "Kwaziwai" kana kuti "Mhoro." Saizvozvo, muUS, chigunwe kumusoro chinogona kutsiva izwi rekuti "Zvakanaka!"
Kusiyana nemaadapter, zviratidzo zvinoshandiswa nemaune uye zvine zvazvinoreva kune anotumira uye anogamuchira.
Illustrators
Varatidziri zviratidzo zvinoshandiswa kuratidza mameseji ekutaura avanoperekedza. Kusiyana nezviratidzo, Vagadziri veMifananidzo havana zvavanoreva.
Semuenzaniso, unogona kushandisa masaini emaoko kuratidza ukuru kana chimiro chechinhu.
Mamiriro Omuviri
Mamiriro emuviri matauriro asina kutaura aunogona kushandisa kutaura manzwiro ako kana kupa ruzivo.
Kune marudzi maviri ezvimiro zvemuviri, zvinova zvimiro zvakazaruka uye zvakavharwa.
Mamiriro akazaruka anogona kushandiswa kutaura pachena kana kufarira zviri kutaurwa nemumwe munhu. Mienzaniso yezvimiro zvakavhurika makumbo asina kuchinjika, maoko asina kuchinjika, nezvimwe.
Chimiro chakavharwa chinogona kuratidza kutya uye kusafarira zviri kutaurwa nemumwe munhu. Mienzaniso yemaitiro akavharwa akayambuka maoko, akayambuka makumbo, maoko pamberi pemuviri, nezvimwe.
Kutarisa Kwameso
Oculesics chidzidzo chekuti maitiro emeso anokanganisa sei kutaurirana. Kutarisana neziso kune zvakawanda zvinokanganisa kutaurirana.
Kuramba wakatarisa (kwete kutarisa) kunoratidza kufarira zviri kutaurwa nemumwe munhu. Nepo kusafarira kunogona kucherechedzwa kana paine kushoma kana kusasangana kwemaziso.
Chimiro chechiso
Chiso chezviso zvinoreva kufamba kwemhasuru dzechiso kuburitsa mashoko.
Zviso zvedu zvinokwanisa kuratidza manzwiro akasiyana semufaro, kusuwa, kutya, kutsamwa, kusagadzikana, nezvimwe.
Somuenzaniso, kufinyamisa kumeso kunoratidza kuti wakatsamwa. Saizvozvowo, chiso chinonyemwerera chinoratidza kuti uri kufara.
2. Haptics
Haptics inoreva nzira iyo vanhu vanotaurirana kuburikidza nekubata. Chidzidzo chekubata-bata sekutaura kusingatauri.
Haptics inogona kuiswa muzvikamu zvina, izvo zvinoti:
- Kushanda/Professional level
- Chiyero chemagariro / chine tsika
- Hushamwari/Kudziya mwero
- Love/Intimacy level
Kushaikwa kwehunyanzvi hwekutaura husingaite hunoenderana nekubata kunogona kutungamirira kumhedzisiro yakaipa. Semuenzaniso, kana ukabata murume akapesana zvisina kufanira, unogona kurangwa nekunetswa pabonde.
3. Mazwi
Mazwi, anozivikanwawo separalanguage, anosanganisira kutumira mameseji kuburikidza nenzwi, inzwi, vhoriyamu, chiyero chekutaura, kunaka kwenzwi, uye mazwi ekuzadza.
nenamo: Pitch zvinoreva kukwirira kana kudzikira kwezwi
Inzwi: Matauriro inzira yaunotaura nayo kune mumwe munhu
Bhuku: Inzwi rine chekuita nesimba, kusimba, kumanikidza, kana kuti simba renzwi
Kutaura Kutaura: Chiyero chekutaura chingori spidhi yaunotaura kureva kuti kukurumidza kana kunonoka kwemunhu kutaura
Verbal fillers: Mazwi ekuzadza mazwi manzwi kana mazwi anoshandiswa kuratidza kuti mumwe munhu ambomira kufunga.
4. Proxemics
Proxemics chidzidzo che mashandisiro atinoita nzvimbo nemhedzisiro yayo pakutaurirana. Rinoreva kushandiswa kwenzvimbo uye chinhambwe senzira yekutaura.
Proxemics inogona kuiswa muzvikamu zvina zvakakura, zvinova zvepedyo, zvemunhu, zvemagariro, uye nzvimbo dzeveruzhinji.
Nzvimbo yepedyo chero chinhambwe chiri pasi pe 18 inches uye chinowanzo shandiswa kana uchifambidzana nemudiwa, shamwari, mwana, kana mubereki.
Nzvimbo yega yega iri chinhambwe che 18 inches kusvika ku 4 tsoka uye inowanzoshandiswa pakubata neshamwari uye vepedyo vanozivana.
Nzvimbo yemagariro chinhambwe che4 kusvika ku12 tsoka uye inowanzoshandiswa pakutaurirana nevaunoshanda navo, vaunodzidza navo, vaunozivana navo, kana vausingazive.
Nzvimbo yeveruzhinji chero chinhambwe chinopfuura 12 tsoka uye chinowanzo shandiswa kutaura neruzhinji, hurukuro, mishandirapamwe, nezvimwe.
5. Chitarisiko Chako
Chitarisiko chemunhu chinosanganisira zvikamu zviviri:
- Hunhu hwepanyama
- zvinoratidza
Hunhu hwemuviri hwakadai sechimiro chemuviri, kureba, huremu nezvimwe zvinokwanisa kutumira mameseji. Hatina simba pamusoro pekuti hunhu uhu hwemuviri hunofambisa sei meseji.
Hunhu hwemuviri hunoita basa rakakosha pakuona kwekutanga. Vanhu vanogona kuita fungidziro zvichienderana nemuviri wako maitiro.
Kune rimwe divi, zvigadzirwa zvakaita sembatya, zvishongo, ma tatoo, bvudzi, mota nezvimwe zvinogona kutumira mameseji kune vamwe nezve zvatiri.
Semuenzaniso, maMuslim (vakadzi) vanopfeka hijab kuti vataure zvavanotenda.
6. Chronemics
Chronemics chidzidzo chehukama pakati penguva nekutaurirana. Nguva chinhu chakakosha chisiri chekutaura chinogona kukanganisa kutaurirana.
Chronemics inogona kutumira mameseji kune vamwe vanhu nezvezvinhu zvatinokoshesa uye zvatisingakoshese.
Semuenzaniso, nguva yako yekupindura kune email yekupa basa inogona kutaurira nhanho yako yekukosha kune waunoshandira. Mhinduro yanonoka inogona kuratidza kuti haukoshese basa raunopihwa.
7. Nzvimbo Yenyama
Mamiriro emuviri (Physical environment) zvinoreva nzvimbo inobatika umo kutaurirana kunoitika.
Nzvimbo yako inokwanisa kuendesa ruzivo rwakawanda nezvehunhu hwako, mamiriro emari, basa, nezvimwe.
Semuenzaniso, hofisi yakashata uye yakazara vanhu inotumira meseji isina kunaka kumuenzi wako. Mushanyi angafunga kuti hausi munhu akarongeka.
Zvakanakira Nonverbal Communication
Pazasi pane mamwe mabhenefiti ekutaura pasina kutaura:
- More credible
- Inopa mamwe mashoko
- Inokodzera Vasingaverengeki
- Kudya nguva shoma
- Zvishoma zvinovhiringidza.
1. Zvakanyanya kuvimbika
Kusazvidira hunhu hwekutaura pasina kutaura kunoita kuti ive inovimbika kupfuura chero imwe nzira yekutaurirana. Vanhu vanowanzoisa kuvimba kwakawanda mumasaini asingatauri pamusoro pemashoko emuromo.
Nonverbal cues yakaoma kuita manyepo, izvo zvinoita kuti ive yakavimbika.
2. Inopa mamwe mashoko
Pane tsumo inoti "Actions speak louder than words." Tsumo iyi inoratidza kuti manyepo anogona kuburitsa mashoko akawanda pane anotaurwa.
Tinogona kuvimba zvakanyanya nezviratidzo zvisingatauri kana mameseji ekutaura neasina kutaura achipokana.
Somuenzaniso, kana mumwe munhu akati “Uri benzi here?”, tinogona kutarisa inzwi remunhu wacho kuti tizive kana munhu wacho ari kuita jee kana kuti kwete.
3. Inokodzera Vasingaverengi
Kunze kwekutaura kwekuona, kutaurirana pasina kutaura ndiyo imwe nzira yekukurukurirana yakakodzera vasingagoni kuverenga.
Kukurukurirana pasina kutaura kunogona kushandiswa kukunda zvipingamupinyi zvemutauro. Zvipingamupinyi zvemutauro zvinoitika kana munhu asinganzwisisi mumwe mutauro kana kuti akatadza kutaura.
Somuenzaniso, vacheche vasina kukudziridza unyanzvi hwomutauro vanogona kushandisa chitarisiko chechiso kukurukura.
Kukurukurirana pasina kutaura kwakakodzerawo kumatsi kureva vanhu vasingagoni kutaura kana kunzwa. Matsi dzinowanzokurukura dzichishandisa mutauro wemasaini, unovawo chikamu chekurukurirano isina mashoko.
4. Kupedza nguva shoma
Kusataura mashoko kunoderedza kutambisa nguva. Mazwi asiri emazwi anogona kuendesa mameseji kune anogamuchira nekukurumidza kupfuura kunyorwa kana kutaura nemuromo.
Kusiyana nekunyora kwakanyorwa, kutaurirana kusinga dyi kunopedza nguva shoma, haufanirwe kutambisa nguva yako kugadzira kana kugadzirisa mameseji.
5. Kusanyanya kuvhiringidza
Mumamiriro ezvinhu apo kutaurirana uchishandisa mazwi anotaurwa kunogona kukanganisa, unogona kushandisa zvisizvo zvekutaura kutaura.
Semuenzaniso, unogona kushandisa masaini nemaoko kuratidza kushamwari yako kuti wagadzirira kusiya raibhurari.
Kukurukurirana kusingatauri kunogonawo kushandiswa munzvimbo dzine ruzha. Panzvimbo pekupopota, unogona kufambisa meseji zviri nyore kuburikidza nezvisina kutaura.
Zvipingamupinyi zveNonverbal Communication
Kunyange zvazvo kutaura kusina kutaura kune zvakawanda zvinobatsira, pane zvimwe zvisingabatsiri zvisingagone kufuratirwa. Kungofanana nedzimwe nzira dzekutaurirana, kutaurirana pasina kutaura kunewo zvakaipira.
Pazasi pane mamwe maLimitations (zvakaipira) zvekusataura kutaura:
- Inopindira
- More Ambiguous
- Zvakaoma kudzora
- Kushaikwa kwemaitiro
- Kwete kuvanza
- Pokisana nemashoko emuromo.
1. Kuzvidira
Kusazvidira hunhu hwekutaura pasina kutaura hungave pundutso kana kukanganisa.
Nguva zhinji isu hatizive patinotanga kutumira mameseji. Semuenzaniso, unogona kudzungudza musoro wako nekuda kwekusagadzikana asi mumwe ari pedyo newe anogona kufunga kuti haubvumirani nezvaari kutaura.
2. Zvakawanda Ambiguous
Zviratidzo zvakawanda zvisingatauri zvinogona kuva nezvirevo zvakasiyana; izvi zvinoita kuti zviome kunzwisisa shoko rinounzwa.
Hunhu husina kujeka hwezvakawanda zvisiri zvekutaura kunoita kuti zvinyanye kunetsa kunzwisisa uye kazhinji zvinotungamira mukududzira zvisizvo.
Sezvo pasina kushandiswa kwemazwi, mugamuchiri angakuwana kwakaoma kududzira zvakarurama mashoko anopfuudzwa.
3. Zvakaoma kudzora
Kusazvidira hunhu hwekutaura pasina kutaura kunoita kuti zviome kudzora. Kunyange isu tichigona kusarudza kurega kutumira mameseji emuromo, kazhinji hazvigoneke kumisa zvisiri zvemashoko.
Iwe une zvishoma kana kuti hauna simba pamusoro penzira iyo vanhu vachakutonga nayo zvichienderana nechitarisiko chako. Semuyenzaniso, kuNigeria, vanhu vazhinji vanofunga kuti chero munhu ane mifananidzo yakakura yemuviri (matattoo) ari kuita zvinhu zvisiri pamutemo.
4. Kusava netsika
Kukurukurirana kusiri kwekutaura hakugone kushandiswa muzvirongwa zvehunyanzvi nekuti haina kurongeka uye haina chimiro. Muzvirongwa zveunyanzvi, kutaurirana kwekunyora nekutaura kunonyanya kukodzera kushandisa pane kutaurirana kusingatauri.
Semuyenzaniso, zvichave hutsinye kugutsurira musoro kana mudzidzisi wako akubvunza mubvunzo. Saizvozvo, iwe unogona kushandisa chigunwe-kumusoro kuratidza "zvakanaka."
5. Kwete kuvanda
Nonverbal cues inokwanisa kuburitsa manzwiro edu kana manzwiro edu. Zviso zvechiso uye zvimwe zvisiri zvekutaura zvinogona kuburitsa mameseji aunoda kuzvichengeta.
Somuenzaniso, munhu akasuruvara anogona kuudza mumwe munhu kuti ari kufara, asi chiso chake chinoratidza kuti haasi kufara.
6. Pokisisa mashoko emuromo
Kunyange zvazvo zvisizvo zvemashoko zvinogona kushandiswa kuzadzisa mashoko ekutaura, zvinogonawo kupesana nemashoko ekutaura.
Mazwi asingatauriki, kunyanya kana akashandiswa asingazivi anogona kutumira mashoko asingaenderane nezviri kutaurwa nemunhu.
Nzira dzeKunatsiridza Unyanzvi Hwako Hwekutaura Nekutaura
Tinogona kutaurirana tisingatauri sezvatinoita nemashoko. Kukudziridza hunyanzvi hwekutaura husingaite hunovandudza matauriro aunoita.
Kukurukurirana nezvisiri zvemashoko zvinogona kunetesa kana usina hunyanzvi hunodiwa. Iwe unogona kukudziridza hunyanzvi uhu kana ukatevedzera aya matipi:
1. Teerera kune zviratidzo zvisingatauriki
Nonverbal signals inogona kutumira mameseji akawanda kupfuura mazwi anotaurwa, saka zvinofanirwa kunyatso teerera kune zvisizvo.
Paunenge uchiteerera kune zviri kutaurwa nemunhu, edzawo kuterera kune zvisizvo zvemunhu sekutarisa maziso, majeti, inzwi rezwi, kumira kwemuviri, nezvimwe.
Kana mashoko akatadza kuburitsa mashoko emutauri, unofanira kufuratira zvinenge zvataurwa woisa pfungwa pazviratidzo zvisiri zvekutaura.
Somuenzaniso, mumwe munhu akashatirwa anogona kukuudza kuti anofara achifinyamisa kumeso. Muchiitiko ichi, teerera kune zvinyorwa zvake zvisingatauri.
2. Ramba uchitarisa maziso
Gara uchitarisa maziso, asi dzivisa kutarisa. Kuramba wakatarisa kunoratidza kuti unofarira zviri kutaurwa nemumwe munhu.
Iwe unofanirwa kuramba wakatarisana nemeso kunyangwe mumwe munhu asiri kukutarisa. Mumwe wacho angave achinyara kana kuti asingadi kuramba achionana naye pamusana pezvitendero zvetsika.
Kutarisa maziso kunogonawo kuratidza kuti une chivimbo mushoko rauri kutaura. Somuenzaniso, kana mukurukuri akatarira pasi mukati memharidzo, vateereri vake vachafunga kuti mukurukuri anonyara.
3. Nangidzira Pamatauriro Enzwi
Inzwi rako rezwi rinokwanisa kuendesa mameseji akati wandei, kubva pakusafarira kusvika pakushungurudzika, hasha, kufunganya, mufaro, nezvimwe.
Nechikonzero ichi, iwe unofanirwa kugara uchiziva nezve toni yako uye shandisa toni dzakasiyana kune dzakasiyana marongero.
Somuenzaniso, kana uchida kuudza mumwe munhu jee, unofanira kushandisa inzwi rokunyomba.
4. Bvunza Mibvunzo
Panguva yekukurukurirana, kana mumwe munhu achitumira mameseji akasanganiswa iwe unofanirwa kubvunza mibvunzo inojekesa, pane kusvetukira kumhedzisiro.
Mameseji akasanganiswa anotumirwa kana zvisiri zvekutaura zvisingaenderane nemashoko anotaurwa. Vanogona kuvhiringidza, saka inzwa wakasununguka kubvunza mibvunzo inojekesa kuti uwane kunzwisisa kwakajeka kweshoko.
Kubvunza mibvunzo panguva yakakodzera kunoratidzawo kuti uri kunyatsoteerera zviri kutaurwa nomunhu wacho.
5. Tarisai zviratidzo zvisiri zvemashoko seboka
Iwe unofanirwa kutarisa masaini asiri ekutaura seboka, pane kududzira rimwechete risingaite.
Kurava zvazvinoreva zvakawanda muchirevo chimwe chete chisingaiti kunogona kutungamirira mukududzira zvisizvo uye kunogona kukanganisa kukurukurirana kunobudirira.
Nguva zhinji, chirevo chimwechete chisiri chekutaura chinogona kusaburitsa chero meseji kana kutumira meseji isiriyo. Saka, iwe unofanirwa kugara uchidudzira ese masaini masaini auri kugamuchira.
6. Funga chimiro chemuviri wako
Mamiriro emuviri wako uye mafambiro anokwanisa zvakare kuendesa zviuru zvemashoko.
Ngwarira chimiro chemuviri wako uye ita shuwa kuti haisi kuburitsa mameseji asina kunaka. Semuenzaniso, slouching inoratidza kuti haufarire zviri kutaurwa nemunhu.
Dzivisa kushandisa mutauro wemuviri wakavharika, panzvimbo pacho chengetedza mutauro wakavhurika senge maoko asina kuchinjika, makumbo asina kuchinjika, kumira wakatwasuka, nezvimwe.
7. Shandisa chiso chako
Zviso zvedu zvinogona kuratidza manzwiro akati wandei. Tsvagiridzo yakasimbisa kuti zviso zvevanhu zvinogona kugovana zvinopfuura 16 zvirevo zvakaoma.
Unogona kushandisa chimiro chechiso chako kuudza vamwe vanhu nezvemanzwiro ako. Somuenzaniso, kunyemwerera kunoratidza kuti uri kufara. Saizvozvowo, kufinyamisa kumeso kwairatidza kuti wakasuruvara kana kuti wakatsamwa.
Mukuwedzera kune mazano ari pamusoro apa, unofanira kugara uchidzidzira. Kungofanana nehumwe hunyanzvi hwese, unofanirwa kudzidzira kukudziridza hunyanzvi hwekutaurirana husingaite.
Tinokurudzirawo:
- Unyanzvi Hwokuteerera Kukurukurirana: Gwaro Rakazara
- Yakanyorwa Hunyanzvi Hwekukurukurirana: Gwaro Rakazara
- Unyanzvi Hwekutaura Nemashoko: Gwaro Rakazara
- GMAT Chibodzwa Chati: Zvese Kuziva & Nyore Mazano Ekushandisa
- 30 Zvakanakira Nezvakaipira Kuverenga Mabhuku
mhedziso
Mazwi anogona kukundikana asi zvirevo zvisiri zvekutaura hazvikundike. Isu tinokwanisa kuendesa zviuru zvemashoko uye manzwiro kuburikidza neasina kutaura.
Zvisinei, kutaurirana kusina kutaura kune zvimwe zvisingabatsiri, izvo zvakatokurukurwa munyaya ino.
Kunyange zvazvo kutaurirana kusina kutaura kusingagoni kushandiswa mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, hatigoni kufuratira mabhenefiti ako akawanda. Iwe unofanirwa kukudziridza hunyanzvi hwekutaura usingatauri kuti unakirwe nemabhenefiti aya.
Takatogovana mamwe matipi anogona kukubatsira kuvandudza kana kukudziridza hunyanzvi hwekutaura pasina kutaura. Kana, iwe unoona zvichikuomera kushandisa aya matipi, inzwa wakasununguka kudonhedza mibvunzo yako nezve matipi uye mimwe misoro inokurukurwa muchinyorwa chino, muChikamu cheMaonero.