Ezikolweni kulo lonke elase-US, oonontlalontle bezonyango bangabameli babantwana kwiziko labo, kwaye basebenza njengabacebisi babo kwaye basebenze njengabaphathi bamatyala xa abafundi befuna inkxaso yexesha elide. Iingcali kule nkalo zikwabonelela ngonxibelelwano olubalulekileyo phakathi kwabafundi, iqela lokufundisa, kunye noluntu ngokubanzi.
Bagxile ekuphuculeni iziphumo zemfundo nezentlalo zabantwana ababakhathalelayo. Inxalenye yoku iya kuba kukuxhasa ukufunda kwabo, nokuhamba isikolo qho. Nangona kunjalo, oonontlalontle baya kusebenza nabantwana, isikolo, kunye nabazali babo ukulawula impilo yabo yeemvakalelo kunye nokuziphatha, kunye nokuzama ukubagcina bekhuselekile.
Njengenxalenye yegqiza leqela lezifundo ezahlukeneyo elingqonge abafundi, baya kusebenzisana nolawulo lwesikolo kunye nesangqa sobunkokeli, kwakunye nootitshala.
Basebenza kunye ekuphuhliseni imigaqo-nkqubo ebumba indlela isikolo esijongana ngayo nemiba yoluleko kwaye sidlala indima ebalulekileyo kuyo nayiphi na imeko yolawulo lwentlekele ephuhlayo, kunye nokubeka ungenelelo lwempilo yengqondo xa kuyimfuneko.
Le nxalenye yomsebenzi wabo inokubandakanya ukwenza uvavanyo lokubona ukuba abantwana basesichengeni sodandatheko okanye basengozini yokuzenzakalisa.
Baya kunika iingcebiso kubafundi abafumana iingxaki ngenxa yokuxhatshazwa okanye nayiphi na enye inkalo yokunxibelelana noontanga babo. Bakwaxhasa abantwana abalawula imeko enokubakho yokuxhatshazwa ekhaya kwaye babeke phambili impilo yengqondo yomntwana ngamnye.
Isiqulatho
Inkxaso yabazali neentsapho
Kanye nokubonelela ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zenkxaso kubafundi, oonontlalontle bekliniki kwimeko yesikolo iya kunceda abazali abafuna uncedo ekulungiseleleni abantwana babo okona kulungileyo.
Banokunika abantu ukufikelela kwizibonelelo zoluntu ezixhasa iintsapho ngeendlela ezininzi, ukusuka ekubalekeni imeko ehlukumezayo ekhaya ukuya ekufumaneni indawo ekhuselekileyo yokuhlala kunye nokufumana unyango lwezempilo.
Esikolweni, unontlalontle uya kusebenza njengesixhobo sokufundisa kunye neqela lobunkokeli xa befuna iingcebiso malunga nokulawula iingxaki zempilo yengqondo okanye imiba yokuziphatha kwabafundi. Njengenxalenye yoku, baya kunceda iqela lezemfundo ukuba liyile kwaye liphumeze iinkqubo kunye neziganeko ezixhasa impilo-ntle yabafundi.
Unontlalontle wekliniki angenza njani umahluko?
Ngokuyintloko, igalelo likanontlalontle liya kunceda iqela labafundi ukuba libe nempilo engcono yengqondo, kodwa banokuncedisa ekuphuculeni impilo-ntle yabo yentlalo kunye neemvakalelo.
Bakuba besebenzisane nengcali, ootitshala banokukhula ukuzithemba xa kuziwa ekuboneni naziphi na iimpawu ezixhalabisayo phakathi kwabafundi babo kwaye baxele naziphi na iinkxalabo zokhuseleko kubantu abafanelekileyo.
Oku kwenza kube lula ukuba abantwana kunye nabantu abatsha abafuna uncedo baxhaswe kwangoko, ukuze amandla abo angathintelwa ukuba baqhubele phambili.
Ngokuqhelekileyo kudla ngokuba yingenelo ukuncedwa kwimibandela yokuziphatha esikolweni kungenelwe kubantwana ekhaya, yaye ngenxa yoko banandipha ulwalamano oluhle nabazali babo okanye abantu ababanyamekelayo.
Kubasebenzi ababandakanyekayo, le yindima enomvuzo kakhulu kwaye yenziwa buqu, ukuze benze ubudlelwane obuqinileyo nabantu ababangqongileyo kwaye bazive bexhaswa emsebenzini. Banoluhlu olukhulu lwamava suku ngalunye, kwaye nangona umthwalo wabo unokuba phezulu kakhulu, benza umahluko wokwenene kubomi babantwana, abafundisi-ntsapho, nabazali, nto leyo eyenza umsebenzi onzima ube nexabiso.
Uqeqesho luyafumaneka, kwanabafundi abaphumeleleyo kwamanye amacandelo, kodwa abantu abakwikhondo elimiselweyo banokusokola ukuya ekholejini ixesha elizeleyo ukuze baziqeqeshe kwakhona. Yiyo loo nto iidyunivesithi ezinjengeCleveland State ziyile iziqinisekiso ezikude ezihambelana nobomi obuxakekileyo babafundi.
Abafundi abaphantsi kwesidanga abanomdla kulo msebenzi kwaye bayazibuza wenza ntoni unontlalontle weklinikhi, ungafumana ngakumbi kwiYunivesithi yaseCleveland State. Iziqinisekiso ze-CSU ze-Master of Social Work zigqityezelwa kude, kwaye umsebenzi wekhosi yi-100% kwi-intanethi.
Ukuphucula ukufunda kwabo, abafundi bagqibezela indawo esebenzayo, kodwa oku kulungiselelwe kufutshane nekhaya, kwindawo abahlala kuyo.
Nje ukuba baphumelele, nazi iindlela ezimbalwa oonontlalontle bezonyango abaya kuthi baqhubele phambili ngazo ukunceda abafundi ababanyamekelayo:
Ukubonelela ngenkxaso kwimpilo-ntle yeemvakalelo yomntwana ngamnye
Abantwana badla ngokuba nzima ukulawula iimvakalelo zabo baze bazole emva kokuba begqabhuke. Abanye banokusabela kwiinguqu ezilindelekileyo okanye kwizicwangciso, kodwa kwabanye, kukuzilawula. Esikolweni, oonontlalontle bekliniki banokunika abantwana iingcebiso ezibanika izakhono abazidingayo ukulawula indlela abaziphatha ngayo.
Oku kunokubanceda ukuba baqhubele phambili nezifundo zabo zemihla ngemihla kwaye basebenzele ukufikelela usukelo ngempumelelo, nokuba ubomi buba nexhala okanye bungalindelekanga.
Ngaphandle kokukwazi ukuhlangabezana nomlinganiselo othile woxinzelelo, abantwana baya kuba nobunzima bokulawula indlela iimvakalelo zabo ezivakaliswa ngayo, kokubini ekhaya naphambi kwabanye abafundi. Oku kunokukhokelela ekubeni yonke inkitha yokuziphatha kakubi ibe yinto eqhelekileyo. Ukususela ekurhoxeni ukuya ekubeni ngamaxhala nokuba ndlongondlongo, uninzi lwaba bantwana luphosa umsindo okanye lwenze izinto eziyingozi, ezinokuba nempembelelo enkulu ekhaya nasesikolweni. Xa umntwana engakwazi ukulawula iimvakalelo zakhe kuba ngumcimbi kubazali bakhe, olu lwalamano lungundoqo lunokuphazamiseka, kwaye ngenxa yoko, wonke umntu osendlwini unokuchaphazeleka.
Abasebenzi bezentlalo basebenzisa uluhlu lweendlela zokwelapha, kubandakanywa iingcebiso, ngexesha apho abantwana bakhuthazwa ukuba baqaphele umcimbi. Ngokomzekelo, xa umntwana eyazi ukuba yeyiphi indlela yokuziphatha kwakhe ehambelana nokuxhalaba, banokuyibona ingxaki ngaphambi kokuba inyuke. Ngaphezu koko, oonontlalontle banokunika iingcebiso kubantwana ekulawuleni iimpawu kwasekuqaleni. Ngokomzekelo, abantwana abanokuziqonda iingcamango ezingakhiyo ngoko bakuko banokuqonda ngakumbi baze baqalise ukufunda indlela abachatshazelwa ngayo luxinezeleko.
Isikolo sinokuba yindawo enzima kwaye ukufunda kungumsebenzi onzima, kodwa ngolawulo oluluqilima ngokweemvakalelo, abantwana banokuphumelela ngakumbi kwisimo semfundo. Basenokujamelana noxinezeleko okanye ixhala, bahlaziyeke kulo, baze bafunde ukuzamkela ezi mvakalelo njengenxalenye yobomi.
Ukunceda abantwana ukuba balawule imingeni yabo yempilo yokuziphatha
Nangona abantwana abaninzi - phantse bonke - baya kuba nokugqabhuka ngokweemvakalelo, abanye baya kuqhubeka nokuphuhlisa iingxaki ezinzulu zokuziphatha. Oku kunokuba nefuthe eliqhubekayo kwimisebenzi abafuna ukuyenza, izenzo zabo, kunye nemikhwa abayenzayo.
Kwabanye, amandla abo okusebenza kakuhle, esikolweni okanye ekhaya, anokuthotywa. Xa oonontlalontle beqala ukujongana nempilo yokuziphatha komntwana, banokujonga kwimisebenzi yabo yentlalontle, imikhwa yabo yokusela, nokuba batya ngendlela enempilo kwaye yintoni, ukuba ikhona, iipatheni zokuziphatha abanazo. Ezinye iziphazamiso zokuziphatha zinokuqhubeka kangangeenyanga okanye kwaneminyaka, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ikhaya lomntwana, imeko yentlalontle neyemfundo zichaphazeleka zonke.
Kwezinye iziphazamiso, ezifana nokuphazamiseka kokuziphatha, ukunqongophala kokuqwalaselwa/nokuphazamiseka kokusebenza ngamandla, kunye nokuphazamiseka kokuchasa, oonontlalontle banokuba ziingcali zokuqala ukunyanga umntwana. Kungenxa yokuba indlela abaziphatha ngayo yayijongwa njengento eqhelekileyo ekhaya yaye iyinxalenye nje yobuntu babo.
Emva kokuba bevavanye umntwana, oonontlalontle banokunika uncedo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngokufuthi baya kuqalisa ngokuthetha nabazali bomntwana ukuze babacacisele iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zokuphazamiseka kokuziphatha, njengoko oku kubanceda baqonde isizathu sokuba umntu oselula ezabalazela ukuhlangabezana neziganeko ezibalulekileyo, ukuhlalisana kakuhle, okanye ukwenza inkqubela ngokwemfundo.
Ugqirha unokumthumela umntwana ukuba avavanywe ngugqirha ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho miba yimbi isisiseko yezempilo kunye nokuphakamisa ukuba nokwenzeka kwesicwangciso sonyango lwezonyango, oko kukuthi, amayeza. Ekugqibeleni, unontlalontle unokusebenzisana nomntwana ukuba amfundise uluhlu lwezakhono ezibanceda ukuba bahlangabezane nemeko yabo kwaye banike iingcebiso kubazali malunga nobuchule abanokuthi basebenzise ekhaya ukuze badibanise ngokufanelekileyo nomntwana wabo.
Ukunceda abantwana abafumana ubunzima ekuhlaleni
Abantwana bohlukene, kwaye nangona abaninzi bekonwabela ukuba kunye noontanga babo kwaye bonwabe kakhulu neqela labahlobo elibanzi, abanye bafumanisa le nxalenye yokukhula ingumceli mngeni. Abasebenzi bezentlalo bahlala bexelelwa ngabantwana abanzima ukuhlalisana kwaye abayithandi ukuba kunye nabanye, apho bafuna uncedo olongezelelweyo lokufunda izakhono zentlalo.
Ukuba bavakalelwa kukuba umntwana uya kuzuza kungenelelo lwabo, kukho iindlela ezininzi abanokukhetha ukunceda ngazo.
Kubantwana abancinane, ukudlala indima ethile, ukubaliswa kwamabali, noonodoli kunokunceda abantwana bafunde ngezinto ezinjengobubele nokuphatha abanye ngembeko.
Oku kunokubakhuthaza ukuba basebenzise ezi ndlela zokuziphatha kunye noontanga babo, yaye ngenxa yoko, banokukufumanisa kulula ukwenza abahlobo. Inxalenye yezi seshoni iya kuquka ukufundisa abantwana ngokumamela eklasini kunye nokutshintshisana nabanye xa kuthethwa ngokuthetha.
Oku kunokwenziwa ngokugqithisela into emntwaneni xa ilithuba lakhe lokuthetha aze amcele ukuba ayidlulise aphinde athule xa ilithuba likanontlalontle.
Enye inkalo yokunxulumana nabanye abantwana abangayiqondiyo ngoko nangoko kukuthetha ngomzimba. Ubuchule obunjengokujongana emehlweni, ukuncumelana njengokubulisa, nokunqwala ngentloko ukuze uvumelane nazo zonke zinokuqheliselwa. Ngaphezu koko, abantwana banokufundiswa ukuba ukujonga kude, ukukrwaqula, okanye ukuphuthaphutha kunokuba nzima kwabanye abantu ukuba bakubone.
Abanye abantwana kuya kufuneka bafundiswe ngendawo yobuqu kunye nemida, ukuze bahlonele iimvakalelo zoontanga babo kwaye bahlangabezane bhetele kwiimeko ezixineneyo.
Abasebenzi bezentlalo balawula njani ukungenelela kweengxaki kubantwana?
Ngokufanelekileyo, unontlalontle akayi kudibana nomntwana okokuqala xa bekwindawo yobunzima. Nangona kunjalo, xa besenza oko, ungenelelo abaluqhubayo luya kwahluka ngokobume ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezidlalwayo.
Rhoqo, nangona umntwana eyinkxalabo engundoqo kanontlalontle, basenokuba nosapho olubandezelekileyo ngokulinganayo kwaye nonontlalontle uya kubakhumbula.
Baza kuqala ngokujonga imvelaphi yesiganeko kunye nayiphi na imbali abanayo nomntwana. Ukuba kukho imiba emininzi, baya kugxila kwimine okanye emihlanu ebonakala icinezela, kwaye bamisele injongo nganye.
Abasebenzi bezentlalo abanakuze bathembise ukufumana isisombululo esifanelekileyo. Ekugqibeleni, ngoxa bezama ukuseka ulwalamano olwakhayo nomntwana, kuya kumiselwa imida ethile ethambileyo. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi ukuba umntwana ubonisa ukuziphatha okunzima.
Nangona kunjalo, kwangaxeshanye, unontlalontle uya kuzama ukwenza umntwana athethe ngokukhululekileyo aze achaze isiganeko esibangele le ngxaki yangoku. Emva kokuqokelela ulwazi oluninzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka, baya kuhlola amandla osapho kunye neemfuno zabo. Baza kubonelela ngezisombululo zexesha elifutshane zokusombulula ingxaki ekhoyo kwaye bacebise ngeenjongo zexesha elide.
Ukudibanisa iintsapho kunye nabantwana ngezixhobo zoluntu
Abasebenzi bezentlalontle banokufikelela kuluhlu lwezibonelelo zoluntu abanokuthi bathumele umntu omncinci kunye neentsapho zabo. Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, banokucebisa ixesha lokulaliswa esibhedlele okanye iingcebiso zengcali.
Noko ke, xa imeko ingekho maxongo kangako, banokuhlanganisa iqela lonyango ukuze bancede umntwana kwixesha elide, bathumele umntwana kwenye ingcali ukuze kuthintelwe uxilongo lwezonyango, okanye bacebise ngenkqubo yasekuhlaleni eqhuba ukuphuma kwesikolo.
Xa lo mbandela ubanzi, banokunxibelelana nomzali ngezinto ezinokuba yingenelo kuye njengomntu omdala. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba umzali uyafunda, ugqirha usenokukwazi ukusayina umncedi ngezemali iipakethe zokuncedisa kwiindleko zemirhumo yabo, okanye iibhanki zokutya zasekuhlaleni ezinokunceda intsapho itye kakuhle kwaye ilandele ukutya okunempilo.
Ngaba impilo-ntle inokuyiphucula impumelelo yemfundo yomntwana?
Ngaphambili, izikolo ezininzi bezigxininise ekufikeleleni ezifundweni, kodwa kwimeko yokufunda yale mihla, kukho utshintsho olujolise ekubekeni phambili impilo-ntle.
Eli gama lidla ngokubhekisa kumntwana oziva onwabile mihla le, kodwa ngokufuthi ibandakanya impilo yengqondo neyomzimba. Rhoqo, iimvakalelo zonxunguphalo nonxunguphalo zisenokwenzakalisa ukukhula komntwana kunye nokukwazi kwakhe ukuhlangabezana nemeko esikolweni.
Ngelixa abantwana abonwabileyo bekufumanisa kulula ukugxila emsebenzini wabo, banemigangatho ephezulu yamandla kwaye baziva bekhuthazekile ukuba baphumelele. Ngenxa yoko, kunokwenzeka ukuba bazibhokoxe ekufundeni kwaye banandiphe impumelelo eqhubekayo kwizifundo zabo.
Ngaphaya koko, njengoko abaqeshi bethanda ukukhangela abaviwa abaguquguqukayo ababonakalisa ukomelela kunye nobuchule bokusombulula iingxaki, kunokuba luncedo kubantwana ukuba baqalise ukuphuhlisa ezi zakhono zithambileyo ngelixa besesesikolweni.
Ke ngoko, ukuxhasa umsebenzi wangoku wezifundo wabafundi kunye nempumelelo yabo yobungcali yexesha elizayo, oonontlalontle baya kuhlala bezisa iinkqubo zempilo kwikharityhulam.
Oku kunokwenziwa ngokulungiselela izinto ezilula ezigcina abantwana bexakekile ngexesha labo lekhefu, njengokuthenga izixhobo ezinokusetyenziswa ngexesha lekhefu okanye ngokuseka amaqela emidlalo aphuma emva kwesikolo.
Ingcali iya kugxininisa kwimpilo-ntle yengqondo yomfundi wabo ngokukhuthaza imisebenzi yangaphandle efana neeseshoni zokucamngca, ingcebiso, kunye nezifundo zokwakha iqela. Ezi zinokufundisa abantwana uvelwano omnye komnye, kodwa nendlela yokusebenzisana nokubonisa uvelwano kubantu abahlukileyo kubo.
Ezi zicwangciso azikho nje malunga nokunceda abantwana ngokukhawuleza, kuba ngokuxhasa inhlalakahle yabo, oonontlalontle baxhasa uphuhliso lwabo ekhaya nasesikolweni.
Xa abantwana bonwabile, kudla ngokuba mincinane imiba yokuziphatha ukuze ootitshala nabazali balawule. Ngenxa yoko, umoya wasekhaya nasesikolweni uba nentlonipho kumntu wonke. Le meko ivumela abafundi ukuba banxibelelane ngeendlela ezakhayo ngakumbi kwaye inciphisa ukubakho kweengxabano ezinokuthi zivele. Ngenxa yoko, abantwana baziva bekhuselekile yaye bonwabe ngakumbi esikolweni yaye bazigqala beyinxalenye yoluntu.
Impilontle inceda ootitshala kunye nesikolo
Impilo ikhuthaza ukomelela. Xa ixesha leziganeko ezicinezelayo, ezifana neemviwo, ziqengqeleka, wonke umntu ubekwa ngcono ukujongana namanqanaba okuxhalaba avelisiweyo. Bobabini ootitshala nabafundi banokujongana novavanyo ngokuzithemba ngakumbi kunye nobuchule - zombini ezi zizakhono eziphambili xa kuziwa ekufundeni.
Nangona abafundi bachaphazelekayo ngoxinzelelo, olungenakuphepheka, abasebenzi bezentlalontle abaye baseka iinkqubo zempilo banokubandakanya ukufundiswa kwezicwangciso zokuhlangabezana. Ukusuka ekucingeni ukuya kwijenali, zininzi izicwangciso ezivumela abantu abatsha ukuba balawule iimvakalelo abazifumanayo. Ngenxa yoko, bayakwazi ngakumbi xa kufikelelwa ekwazini ukuphumla, kwaye banokujolisa ingqalelo yabo kumsebenzi abawenzayo.
Isiphumo sesikolo sinokuba kukuncitshiswa kweendleko ngokubanzi, njengoko kukho uxinzelelo oluncinci phakathi kweqela lootitshala kunye nabasebenzi abaqeqeshwe ngokugqwesileyo bahlala kwizikhundla zabo, kunokuba bafune indima entsha kwenye indawo. Ngoko ke, abasebenzi bezentlalontle banokunceda isikolo abasisebenzelayo ukuba babele uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali olukhulu kwiindawo ezixhamla abafundi, njengokuphuhlisa ikharityhulam kunye nokuqhuba imisebenzi emininzi emva kwesikolo.
