IZakhono zoNxibelelwano ezingathethwayo: 2023 Gqibezela iSikhokelo

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IZakhono zoNxibelelwano ezingathethwayo

Ukuba nezakhono eziqinileyo zonxibelelwano ezingezizo ezolwimi kubalulekile kunxibelelwano olusebenzayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iimpawu ezingabonakaliyo zisetyenziswa ngokungazi kwaye ngokuqaphela ukuhambisa imiyalezo.

Unxibelelwano olungasebenzisi magama lungasetyenziselwa ukudlulisa ulwazi oluninzi kunezinye iindlela zonxibelelwano. UAlbert Mehrabian ucebisa ukuba unxibelelwano luyi-55% engabonakaliyo, i-38% yomlomo, kunye ne-7% ebhaliweyo kuphela.

Ngelixa siqhele ukuqaphela unxibelelwano lomlomo nolubhaliweyo, unxibelelwano olungasebenzisi magama luqhele ukusetyenziswa ngokungazi. Ke, kuyafuneka ukuba kuphuhliswe izakhono zonxibelelwano ezingasebenzisi magama ukunqanda unxibelelwano olungasebenziyo.

Kule khokelo, uya kufunda inkcazo yezakhono zonxibelelwano ezingabonakaliyo, imizekelo kunye neentlobo zonxibelelwano olungabonakaliyo, izibonelelo kunye nokunciphisa unxibelelwano olungabonakaliyo, kunye nendlela onokuphucula ngayo izakhono zonxibelelwano ezingabonakaliyo.

Zeziphi iZakhono zoNxibelelwano ezingezizo ezoMlomo?

Unxibelelwano olungasebenzisi magama lubhekisa kwinkqubo yokudlulisa umyalezo ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwamagama, nokuba kuthethwe okanye kubhaliwe. Kolu hlobo lonxibelelwano, imiyalezo idluliswa ngokudibana kwamehlo, ukusondela, izijekulo, imbonakalo, njl.

Izakhono zonxibelelwano ezingezizo zamagama ziyakwazi ukubethelela kunye nokucacisa imiqondiso engabonakaliyo.

Ukufakwa kweekhowudi kukukwazi ukuvakalisa iimvakalelo ngendlela eya kuthi umamkeli atolike ngokuchanekileyo imiyalezo.
Ukwenziwa kweekhowudi kukukwazi ukuthatha iimvakalelo ezikhowudiweyo kunye nokutolika intsingiselo yazo ngokuchanekileyo koko kujongwe ngumthumeli.

Iindidi zoNxibelelwano oluNgelulo ngomlomo

Zisixhenxe iindidi eziphambili zonxibelelwano olungasebenzisi magama, ezi:

1. IKinesics

I-Kinesics ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwezandla, ukuma komzimba, ukudibana kwamehlo, kunye nembonakalo yobuso njengonxibelelwano olungabonakaliyo.

Imizobo

Izijekulo zinokwahlulwa ngokweeadaptha, imifuziselo, kunye nemizobo.

Iiadaptha:

Iiadaptha zisetyenziswa ngokungeyonjongo kwaye azinantsingiselo ithile kubo bobabini umthumeli kunye nomamkeli. Ibonisa ukuba umntu unexhala okanye ukungonwabi.

Ezi ndlela zokuziphatha zinokuziqhelanisa ngokwakho umz. ukukhohlela, ukucocwa komqala njl-njl okanye i-adaptha yezinto umz. ukucinezela ii-smartphones, ukudlala ngepeni, ukubamba iinwele zakho, njl.

Iimpawu:

Imiqondiso zizijekulo ezineentsingiselo ezithile. Banokutshintsha ngokupheleleyo amagama.

Umzekelo, unokuwangawangisa izandla zakho, kunokuthi “Usale kakuhle” okanye “Molo.” Ngokufanayo, e-US, ubhontsi unokutshintsha igama elithi "Kulungile!"

Ngokwahlukileyo kwiiadaptha, imifuziselo isetyenziswa ngabom kwaye ineentsingiselo ezithile kumthumeli kunye nomamkeli.

Imifanekiso

Ababonisi zizijekulo ezisetyenziselwa ukubonisa imiyalezo yomlomo ezihamba nazo. Ngokungafaniyo nemifuziselo, abaMizobi ​​abanayo intsingiselo yabo.

Umzekelo, ungasebenzisa izijekulo zezandla ukubonisa ubungakanani okanye imilo yento.

Ukuma komzimba

Ukuma komzimba ziimpawu ezingezizo onokuthi uzisebenzise ukunxibelelana neemvakalelo zakho okanye ukuhambisa ulwazi.

Kukho iindidi ezimbini zokuma komzimba, eziziizithuba ezivulekileyo kunye nezithuba ezivaliweyo.

I-posture evulekileyo ingasetyenziselwa ukuthetha ngokuvuleleka okanye umdla kwinto ethethwa ngumntu. Imizekelo yokuma okuvulekileyo yimilenze evulekileyo, iingalo ezinganqunyulwanga, njl.

I-posture evaliweyo ingabonisa ukuxhalaba kunye nokungabi namdla kwinto umntu ayithethayo. Imizekelo yeendlela ezivaliweyo iingalo ezinqamlekileyo, imilenze enqamlekileyo, iingalo phambi komzimba, njl.

Uqhagamshelo lamehlo

I-Oculesics luphononongo lwendlela ukuziphatha kwamehlo okuchaphazela ngayo unxibelelwano. Ukudibana kwamehlo kunempembelelo enkulu kunxibelelwano.

Ukumjonga emehlweni (ungajongi) kubonisa umdla koko kuthethwa ngomnye umntu. Ngelixa ukungabi namdla kunokuqatshelwa xa kukho ukudibana kwamehlo okuncinci okanye kungabikho.

Imbonakalo yobuso

Imbonakalo yobuso ibhekisa kwintshukumo yezihlunu zobuso ukuhambisa imiyalezo.

Ubuso bethu buyakwazi ukubonakalisa iimvakalelo ezahlukeneyo ezifana nolonwabo, usizi, uloyiko, umsindo, ukungonwabi, njl.

Umzekelo, ukufinga iintshiya kubonisa ukuba unomsindo. Ngokufanayo, ubuso obunoncumo bubonisa ukuba wonwabile.

2. IiHaptics

IiHaptics zibhekisa kwindlela abantu abanxibelelana ngayo ngokuchukumisa. Kuphononongo lokuchukumisa njengonxibelelwano olungasebenzisi magama.

IiHaptics zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamanqanaba amane, angala:

  • Inqanaba lokusebenza/lobuNgcali
  • Inqanaba leNtlalo / elihloniphekileyo
  • Inqanaba lobuhlobo / lokufudumala
  • Inqanaba lothando / lobudlelwane obusondeleyo

Ukungabikho kwezakhono zonxibelelwano ezingabonakaliyo ezinxulumene nokuchukumisa kunokukhokelela kwimiphumo emibi. Umzekelo, xa ubamba isini esahlukileyo ngokungafanelekanga, unokohlwaywa ngokuhlukumeza ngokwesondo.

3. Iilwimi

Izandi zamagama, ezikwabizwa ngokuba yiparalanguage, ziquka ugqithiso lwemiyalezo ngenowundi yelizwi, ithoni, isandi, isantya sokuthetha, umgangatho welizwi, kunye nokuzalisa amagama.

Pitch: Ukuphakama kwelizwi kubhekisa ekuphakameni okanye ekuthotyweni kwelizwi
Ithoni: Ithoni yindlela othetha ngayo nomntu
Umqulu: Umthamo welizwi unxulumene nokomelela, ukuqina, ingcinezelo, okanye amandla elizwi
Inqanaba lokuThetha: Isantya sokuthetha sisantya nje othetha ngaso, oko kukuthi, ukukhawuleza okanye ukucotha komntu ukuthetha
Izigcwalisi zamazwi: Izandi zamagama zizandi okanye amagama asetyenziswa ukubonisa ukuba ubani uyanqumama ukuze acinge.

4. IiProxemics

IiProxemics luphononongo lwendlela esisebenzisa ngayo indawo kunye neziphumo zayo kunxibelelwano. Ibhekisa kusetyenziso lwesithuba kunye nomgama njengendlela yonxibelelwano.

IiProxemics zinokuhlelwa ngokwemimandla emine emikhulu, esondeleleneyo, eyeyakho, yezentlalo, kunye neendawo zikawonke-wonke.

Indawo esondeleleneyo nguwuphi umgama ongaphantsi kwee-intshi ezili-18 kwaye idla ngokusetyenziswa xa usebenzisana neqabane, umhlobo, umntwana, okanye umzali.
Indawo yomntu ngumgama wee-intshi ze-18 ukuya kwi-4 kwaye idla ngokusetyenziswa xa usebenzisana nabahlobo kunye nabaqhelana nabo abasondeleyo.
Indawo yentlalo ngumgama we-4 ukuya kwi-12 iinyawo kwaye idla ngokusetyenziswa xa unxibelelana nabalingane, abafundi ofunda nabo, abantu obaqhelileyo, okanye abangabaziyo.
Indawo kawonke-wonke nguwuphi umgama ongaphezulu kweenyawo ezili-12 kwaye idla ngokusetyenziselwa iintetho zikawonke-wonke, iintetho, amaphulo, njl.njl.

5. INkangeleko yoBuqu

Inkangeleko yomntu ibandakanya iinxalenye ezimbini:

  • Iimpawu zomzimba
  • Izixhobo zakudala

Iimpawu zomzimba ezifana nokumila komzimba, ubude, ubunzima njl njl ziyakwazi ukudlulisa imiyalezo. Asinalo ulawulo lokuba ezi mpawu zomzimba ziyidlulisela njani imiyalezo.

Iimpawu zomzimba zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimbonakalo yokuqala. Abantu banokwenza uqikelelo olusekelwe kwiimpawu zomzimba wakho.

Kwelinye icala, izinto zakudala ezifana nempahla, izacholo, iitattoos, iinwele, iimoto njalo njalo zinokuthumela imiyalezo kwabanye malunga nokuba singoobani.

Ngokomzekelo, amaSilamsi (amabhinqa) anxiba i-hijab ukuze athethe ngeenkolelo zawo zonqulo.

6. Iikronemics

IChronemics lufundo lobudlelwane phakathi kwexesha nonxibelelwano. Ixesha luphawu olubalulekileyo olungathethwayo olunokuchaphazela unxibelelwano.

I-Chronemics inokuthumela imiyalezo kwabanye abantu malunga nezinto esizixabisileyo kunye nezinto esingazixabisiyo.

Ngokomzekelo, ixesha lakho lokuphendula kwi-imeyile yokunikezelwa komsebenzi inokunxibelelana nenqanaba lakho lokubaluleka kumqeshi. Ukuphendula kade kunokubonisa ukuba awuyixabisi isithembiso somsebenzi.

7. Imeko-bume yoMzimba

Ubume bomzimba bubhekisa kwindawo ebonakalayo apho unxibelelwano lwenzeka khona.

Indawo okuyo iyakwazi ukuhambisa ulwazi oluninzi malunga nobuntu bakho, imeko yezemali, umsebenzi, njl.

Umzekelo, iofisi emdaka kunye nexineneyo iya kuthumela imiyalezo engalunganga kumtyeleli wakho. Undwendwe lusenokucinga ukuba awungomntu ulungelelanisiweyo.

IiNzuzo zoNxibelelwano oluNgelulo ngomlomo

Apha ngezantsi zezinye zezibonelelo zonxibelelwano olungazenzisiyo:

1. Ithembeke ngakumbi

Ubume obunganyanzelekanga bonxibelelwano olungasebenzisi magama lwenza ukuba luthembeke ngakumbi kunayo nayiphi na enye indlela yonxibelelwano. Abantu bakholisa ukuthembela ngakumbi kwimiqondiso engathethwayo kwimiyalezo yomlomo.

Iimpawu ezingezizo zamagama kunzima ukuzenzisa, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zithembeke ngakumbi.

2. Uhambisa ulwazi oluninzi

Kukho iqhalo elithi “Izenzo zithetha kakhulu kunamazwi.” Eli qhalo libonisa ukuba iimpawu ezingezizo zamagama zinokudlulisela imiyalezo emininzi kunamagama athethwayo.

Sinokuthembela ngakumbi kwimiqondiso engaqhelekanga xa imiyalezo yomlomo nengathethwayo ingqubana.

Ngokomzekelo, ukuba umntu uthi “Usisidenge?”, sinokujolisa kwithoni yelizwi laloo mntu ukuze sazi enoba loo mntu uyaqhula okanye akaqhuli.

3. Ibafanele abantu abangafundanga

Ngaphandle konxibelelwano olubonwayo, unxibelelwano olungasebenzisi magama yenye indlela yonxibelelwano efanele abantu abangafundanga.

Unxibelelwano olungasebenzisi magama lunokusetyenziswa ukoyisa imiqobo yolwimi. Imiqobo yolwimi ibakho xa umntu engaluqondi ulwimi oluthile okanye engakwazi ukuthetha.

Ngokomzekelo, iintsana ezingekaphuhlisi izakhono zolwimi zinokusebenzisa inkangeleko yobuso ukuze zinxibelelane.

Unxibelelwano olungasebenzisi magama lukwafanelekile kubantu abangevayo okt abantu abangakwaziyo ukuthetha okanye ukuva. Abantu abazizithulu badla ngokunxibelelana besebenzisa intetho yezandla, ekwayinxalenye yonxibelelwano olungasebenzisi lizwi.

4. Sebenzisa ixesha elincinci

Unxibelelwano olungasebenzisi magama lunciphisa inkcitho yexesha. Iimpawu ezingezizo ezinokuthi zidlulisele imiyalezo kumamkeli ngokukhawuleza kunokunxibelelana ngokubhaliweyo okanye ngomlomo.

Ngokungafaniyo nonxibelelwano olubhaliweyo, unxibelelwano olungasebenzisi magama ludla ixesha elincinci, akufuneki uchithe ixesha lakho ngokudala okanye ukuhlela imiyalezo.

5. Ukuphazamiseka kancinci

Kwiimeko apho ukunxibelelana ngamagama athethwayo kunokuphazamisa, ungasebenzisa iindlela ezingezizo ezolwimi ukunxibelelana.

Umzekelo, ungasebenzisa izimbo zomzimba ukubonisa umhlobo wakho ukuba ukulungele ukushiya ithala leencwadi.

Unxibelelwano olungasebenzisi magama lunokusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezingxolayo. Endaweni yokukhwaza, unokudlulisa imiyalezo ngokulula ngeendlela ezingezizo ezolwimi.

Imida yoNxibelelwano oluNgelulo ngomlomo

Nangona unxibelelwano olungasebenzisi magama luneenzuzo ezininzi, kukho izinto ezingeloncedo ezingenakuthiwa ngoyaba. Njengezinye iindlela zonxibelelwano, unxibelelwano olungasebenzisi magama lukwanalo nokungalungi.

Apha ngezantsi zezinye zeMida (izinto ezingeloncedo) zonxibelelwano olungazenzisiyo:

1. Ngokuzenzekelayo

Ubume bokuzithandela bonxibelelwano olungasebenzisi magama lunokuba lulutho okanye lube yingozi.

Amaxesha amaninzi asazi ukuba siqala nini ukuhambisa imiyalezo. Umzekelo, usenokunikina intloko ngenxa yokungakhululeki kodwa umntu osecaleni kwakho usenokucinga ukuba awuvumelani noko bakuthethayo.

2. Ngokungakumbi engaqondakaliyo

Uninzi lwemiqondiso engasebenzisi magama lunokuba neentsingiselo ezahlukeneyo; oku kwenza kube nzima ukuqonda umyalezo odluliswayo.

Ubume obungacacanga beempawu ezininzi ezingezizo zentetho zenza kube nzima ukuziqonda kwaye zihlala zikhokelela ekutolikweni ngendlela engeyiyo.

Ekubeni amagama engasetyenziswa, lowo uwamkelayo usenokukufumanisa kunzima ukuyitolika ngokuchanekileyo imiyalezo edlulisiweyo.

3. Kunzima ukulawula

Ubume bokuzithandela bonxibelelwano olungasebenzisi magama lwenza kube nzima ukulawula. Ngelixa sinokugqiba kwelokuba siyeke ukuthumela imiyalezo yomlomo, ngokuqhelekileyo akunakwenzeka ukuyeka iimpawu ezingabonakaliyo.

Unako ukulawula okuncinane okanye akukwazi kwaphela kwindlela abantu abaya kukugweba ngayo ngokusekelwe kwinkangeleko yakho. Umzekelo, eNigeria, abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba nabani na onobugcisa obukhulu bomzimba (itattoos) ubandakanyeka kwimisebenzi engekho mthethweni.

4. Ukungabikho kokusesikweni

Unxibelelwano olungasebenzisi magama alunakusetyenziswa kwizicwangciso zobungcali kuba alukho sesikweni kwaye alunasakhiwo. Kwiimeko zobuchwephesha, unxibelelwano olubhaliweyo kunye nolomlomo lufaneleke ngakumbi ukusebenzisa kunonxibelelwano olungenamazwi.

Umzekelo, kuya kuba krwada ukunqwala intloko xa umhlohli wakho ekubuza umbuzo. Ngokufanayo, ungasebenzisa ubhontsi-up ukubonisa "kulungile."

5. Ayifihlwanga

Iimpawu ezingabonakaliyo ziyakwazi ukukhupha iimvakalelo okanye iimvakalelo zethu. Inkangeleko yobuso kunye nezinye iimpawu ezingezizo ezinokuthi zikhuphe imiyalezo ofuna ukuyigcina kuwe.

Ngokomzekelo, umntu olusizi unokuxelela umntu ukuba wonwabile, kodwa inkangeleko yobuso ibonakalisa ukuba akonwabanga.

6. Ukuchasa imiyalezo yomlomo

Nangona izikhokelo ezingezizo ezozwi zinokusetyenziswa ukuncedisana nemiyalezo yomlomo, zisenokuphikisana nemiyalezo yomlomo.

Iimpawu ezingezizo zamagama, ngakumbi xa zisetyenziswa ungaziqondi zinokudlulisela imiyalezo engahambisaniyo nento ethethwa ngumntu.

Iindlela zokuphucula iZakhono zakho zoNxibelelwano oluNgenamazwi

Singakwazi ukunxibelelana ngokungekho lizwi njengoko senza ngamagama. Ukuphuhlisa izakhono zonxibelelwano ezingabonakaliyo kuya kuphucula indlela onxibelelana ngayo.

Ukunxibelelana neempawu ezingezizo ezolwimi kunokudinwa ukuba awunazo izakhono ezifunekayo. Ungaphuhlisa ezi zakhono ukuba ulandela la macebiso:

1. Nika ingqalelo kwimiqondiso engabonakaliyo

Izibonakaliso ezingezizo ezinokuthi zigqithise imiyalezo emininzi kunamagama athethiweyo, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukunikela ingqwalasela enkulu kwimiqondiso engabonakaliyo.

Njengoko unikel' ingqalelo kwinto ayithethayo umntu, zama ukuhoya imiqondiso yomntu ongathethi magama njengokujongana kwamehlo, izijekulo, ithoni yelizwi, ukuma komzimba, njl.

Xa amagama engaphumeleli ukudlulisela imiyalezo yesithethi, kufuneka ungayihoyi into ethethiweyo kwaye ugxininise kwimiqondiso engabonakaliyo.

Umzekelo, umntu onomsindo usenokukuxelela ukuba wonwabile ngoxa efinge iintshiya. Kule meko, nikela ingqalelo kwiimpawu zakhe ezingabonakaliyo.

2. Gcina unxibelelwano lwamehlo

Hlala ujongana ngamehlo, kodwa kuphephe ukujonga. Ukugcina ujonge emehlweni kubonisa ukuba unomdla koko umntu akutshoyo.

Kufuneka uqhubeke ujongana ngamehlo nangona omnye umntu engakujongi. Omnye umntu usenokuba neentloni okanye akafuni kuhlala emjonga ngenxa yeenkolelo zesithethe.

Ukudibana kwamehlo kunokubonisa ukuba uzithembile kumyalezo owudluliselayo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba isithethi sijonge phantsi ebudeni bentetho, abaphulaphuli baso baya kucinga ukuba isithethi sineentloni.

3. Gxininisa kwiToni yelizwi

Ithoni yelizwi lakho iyakwazi ukuhambisa imiyalezo emininzi, ukusuka ekungathandisi ukuya kunxunguphalo, umsindo, ixhala, ulonwabo, njl.

Ngesi sizathu, kufuneka uhlale uqaphela ithoni yakho kwaye usebenzise iithoni ezahlukeneyo kwisetingi ezahlukeneyo.

Umzekelo, ukuba ufuna ukuxelela umntu isiqhulo, kufuneka usebenzise ithoni ephoxayo.

4. Buza Imibuzo

Ngexesha lencoko, xa omnye umntu ethumela imiyalezo exubeneyo kufuneka ubuze imibuzo ecacisayo, kunokutsibela kwisigqibo.

Imiyalezo exutyiweyo ithunyelwa xa iimpawu ezingezizo ezozwi zingahambelani namagama athethiweyo. Banokubhidanisa, ngoko zive ukhululekile ukubuza imibuzo ecacisayo ukuze ufumane ukuqonda okucacileyo komyalezo.

Ukubuza imibuzo ngexesha elifanelekileyo kukwabonisa ukuba umamele ngenkuthalo oko umntu akutshoyo.

5. Jongani imiqondiso engasebenzisi magama njengeqela

Kuya kufuneka ujonge imiqondiso engasebenzisi magama njengeqela, kunokutolika inqaku elinye elingelo lizwi.

Ukufunda intsingiselo eninzi kakhulu kwisiphawuli esinye esingenakuchazwa kunokukhokelela ekutolikeni ngendlela engafanelekanga kwaye kunokuchaphazela unxibelelwano olusebenzayo.

Amaxesha amaninzi, isalathisi esingenamagama sinokungagqithisi nawuphi na umyalezo okanye sidlulise umyalezo ongalunganga. Ke, kufuneka usoloko utolika zonke iisignali ezingezizo zamagama ozifumanayo.

6. Qaphela ukuma komzimba wakho

Ukuma komzimba wakho kunye neentshukumo nazo ziyakwazi ukuhambisa amawaka emiyalezo.

Qaphela ukuma komzimba wakho kwaye uqiniseke ukuba ayidlulisi imiyalezo engalunganga. Umzekelo, i-slouching ibonisa ukuba awunamdla kwinto ayithethayo umntu.

Kuphephe ukusebenzisa ulwimi lomzimba oluvaliweyo, endaweni yoko gcina ulwimi lomzimba oluvulekileyo olufana neengalo ezinganqunyulwanga, imilenze enganqunyulwanga, ukuma nkqo, njl.

7. Sebenzisa inkangeleko yobuso bakho

Ubuso bethu bunokubonisa iimvakalelo ezininzi. Uphando luqinisekisile ukuba ubuso babantu bunokwabelana ngaphezu kwe-16 iintetho ezinzima.

Unokusebenzisa inkangeleko yobuso bakho ukuxelela abanye abantu ngemo yakho. Ngokomzekelo, uncumo lubonisa ukuba wonwabile. Ngokufanayo, ukufinga iintshiya kwakubonisa ukuba udakumbile okanye unomsindo.

Ukongeza kwezi ngcebiso zingentla, kufuneka uhlale uziqhelanisa. Njengazo zonke ezinye izakhono, kuya kufuneka uziqhelanise nokuphuhlisa izakhono zonxibelelwano ezingasebenziyo.

Sincoma kwakhona:

isiphelo

Amagama anokusilela kodwa iimpawu ezingezizo ezolwimi aziphumeleli. Siyakwazi ukuhambisa amawaka emiyalezo kunye neemvakalelo ngeendlela ezingezizo ezolwimi.

Nangona kunjalo, unxibelelwano olungasebenzisi magama luneengxaki ezithile, esele zixutyushwa kweli nqaku.

Nangona unxibelelwano olungasebenzisi magama lungenakusetyenziswa kwezinye iimeko, asinakungazihoyi iingenelo zalo ezininzi. Kufuneka uphuhlise izakhono zonxibelelwano ngaphandle kwamazwi ukuze wonwabele ezi zibonelelo.

Sele sabelane ngeengcebiso ezinokukunceda uphucule okanye uphuhlise izakhono zonxibelelwano ezingathethwayo. Kwimeko, ukufumanisa kunzima ukusebenzisa ezi ngcebiso, zikhululeke ukulahla imibuzo yakho malunga neengcebiso kunye nezinye izihloko ezixutyushwa kweli nqaku, kwiCandelo lokuphawula.