Shin kun san zaku iya binciken a Faransa in English for Free? Ee, kun karanta daidai. A matsayin dalibi na kasa da kasa, zaku iya fuskantar salon rayuwar Turai a cikin ɗayan mafi kyawun ƙasashen Turai yayin karatu a jami'ar da aka koyar da Ingilishi ba tare da komai ba.
Kuna so ku san yadda? Babu damuwa mun rufe ku.
A cikin wannan labarin, za mu nuna muku yadda ake yin karatu a ciki Faransa a jami'ar da ake koyar da Ingilishi for free.
To, ba tare da bata lokaci ba mu nutse a ciki!
Faransa, a hukumance Jamhuriyar Faransa, ƙasa ce mai wuce gona da iri a Yammacin Turai, tana da iyaka da Belgium, Luxembourg, Jamus, Switzerland, Monaco, Italiya, Andorra, da Spain.
Wannan ƙasa sananne ne da abubuwa da yawa, waɗanda suka haɗa da kyawawan giya, kayan ado, gine-gine, da kuma sanannun wuraren yawon buɗe ido.
Bugu da kari, Faransa kuma ta kasance sananne a matsayin ɗayan mafi kyawun wuraren karatu don ɗaliban ƙasashen duniya waɗanda ke ba su ilimi mai inganci a farashi mai araha. Muna ba da shawarar labarin mu akan Jami'o'i 10 mafi arha a Faransa don ɗalibai na duniya.
Educations.com ta tattara kusan ɗalibai na duniya 20,000 don nazarin duniya na 2019 a ƙasashen waje, tare da Faransanci a matsayi na tara a duniya kuma na huɗu a Turai, a gaban shahararrun wurare kamar Jamus da Ingila.
Ana dai sa ran ganin cewa an san tsarin manyan makarantun Faransa don ƙwarewar koyarwa, samun dama da bincike mai kyau, inda ƙasar ke ba da hazaka a fannoni daban-daban kamar lissafi, ilimin ɗan adam, kimiyyar siyasa, da likitanci.
Bugu da ƙari, gwamnatin Faransa ta mai da hankali kan bayar da ƙarin kyaututtuka masu ban sha'awa ga ɗaliban ƙasashen duniya. Suna da niyyar haɓaka yawan ɗalibai na ƙasashen duniya da masu karatun digiri na biyu waɗanda ke zuwa jami'o'in ƙasar.
Dalibai na duniya a halin yanzu suna iya yin karatu a Faransa kyauta cikin Ingilishi.
Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
Ta yaya zan yi karatu a Faransa cikin Ingilishi kyauta?
Faransa ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda ba su jin Ingilishi na farko Ƙasashen Turai don ba da jami'a da ake koyar da Ingilishi shirye-shirye. Har ila yau, tsarin ilimin Faransa yana bin tsarin Bologna, wanda ya ƙunshi karatun digiri na farko, na Masters, da kuma digiri na digiri, yana tabbatar da cewa an yarda da digiri a cikin gida.
Anan ga yadda ake karatu a Faransa cikin Ingilishi kyauta:
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Zabi Jami'ar da ake koyar da Ingilishi
A ƙasa mun samar muku da jerin Jami'o'in da ake koyar da Ingilishi a Faransa, ku shiga cikin jerin kuma zaɓi jami'ar da ta dace da ku.
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Tabbatar cewa shirin da kuke son karantawa ana koyar da shi cikin Ingilishi
Da zarar kun zaɓi jami'ar da ake koyar da Ingilishi, ku tabbata cewa shirin da kuke son karantawa ana koyar da shi cikin Ingilishi. Kuna iya sanin hakan ta ziyartar gidan yanar gizon makarantar.
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Tabbatar cewa Jami'ar ba ta da Karatu
Kafin a karshe ka aika da aikace-aikacenka zuwa wannan jami'a, tabbatar da cewa shirin da kake son yin karatu a cikin shi ba shi da kyauta a wannan jami'a ko kuma jami'ar ta ba da cikakken guraben karatu ga ɗaliban ƙasashen duniya waɗanda za su iya biyan cikakken kuɗin karatun ku.
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Aika Aikace-aikacenku
Mataki na ƙarshe shine aika aikace-aikacenku, kuma tabbatar da cewa kun cika duk buƙatun wannan makarantar kafin aika aikace-aikacen. Aika aikace-aikacen ku ta bin duk umarnin da aka bayar akan gidan yanar gizon makarantar.
Ta yaya zan san idan ana koyar da shirin karatu cikin Ingilishi?
Hanya mafi kyau don sanin ko ana koyar da shirin karatu a cikin Ingilishi shine bincika buƙatun harshen kowane digiri a gidan yanar gizon jami'a.
Idan kuna neman kwas na ilimi a wasu gidajen yanar gizon jami'a, ku tabbata kun karanta takamaiman abubuwan da ke cikin shafukansu don ganin ko ana koyar da shirin da Ingilishi.
Jarabawar Ingilishi gama gari da kwalejojin Faransa suka karɓa sune kamar haka:
- IELTS
- TOEFL
- Kwalejin PTE
Bukatun don yin karatu a Faransanci cikin Ingilishi kyauta
Waɗannan su ne wasu daga cikin buƙatun gabaɗayan ɗaliban ƙasashen waje don yin karatu a Faransa cikin Ingilishi.
Ana buƙatar takaddun masu zuwa don yin karatu cikin Faransanci cikin Ingilishi:
- Kwafi na Standard X, XII, da takardar shaidar digiri (idan an zartar).
- Mafi ƙarancin wasiƙun neman ilimi biyu daga malaman da suka koya muku kwanan nan.
- Halaltaccen fasfo ko katin shaida.
- Hotuna masu girman fasfo.
- Kudin rajistar jami'a a Faransa (€ 185 don digiri na farko, € 260 don digiri na biyu, da € 390 na Ph.D.).
- Idan jami'a na buƙatar ci gaba ko CV, ƙaddamar da ɗaya.
- Ƙwarewar Harshe a Turanci (idan an buƙata).
- Asusun Kuɗi don nuna ikon ku na tallafawa kanku a Faransa.
Menene Mafi kyawun Jami'o'in da aka koyar da Ingilishi a Faransa?
A ƙasa akwai mafi kyawun jami'o'in da aka koyar da Ingilishi a Faransa:
- Jami'ar PSL
- École Polytechnique
- Jami'ar Sorbonne
- CentraleSupelec
- Norcole Normale Suprérieure de Lyon
- École des Ponts Paris Tech
- Kimiyya Po
- Jami'ar Paris
- Jami'ar Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne
- ENS Paris-Saclay
- Fasaha ta Paris
- Jami'ar Nantes
- ISEP
- Makarantar Injiniya ta EFREI na Bayani da Fasahar Dijital
- ISA Lille
Mafi kyawun Jami'o'in da aka koyar da Ingilishi a Faransa?
#1. Jami'ar PSL
Paris Sciences et Lettres Institution (Jami'ar PSL) jami'ar bincike ce ta jama'a a Paris, Faransa. An kafa shi a cikin 2010 kuma an kafa shi bisa doka azaman jami'a a 2019.
Jami'a ce ta koleji da ta ƙunshi makarantu membobi 11. PSL ta dogara ne a tsakiyar Paris, tare da makarantun farko a cikin Quarter Latin, Jourdan, Porte Dauphine a arewacin Paris, da Carré Richelieu.
Wannan mafi kyawun jami'a da aka koyar da Ingilishi yana wakiltar kusan kashi 10% na binciken Faransanci kuma ya ci fiye da kuɗin ERC 150 tun farkon sa, tare da lambobin yabo na Nobel 28, waɗanda suka ci lambar yabo ta filayen filayen 10, 3 Abel laureates, 50 César da lambobin Molière 79.
#2. Ecole Polytechnique
Ecole Polytechnique, wani lokaci ana kiransa Polytechnique ko l'X, an kafa shi a cikin 1794 kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun cibiyoyin Faransa.
Cibiyar ilimi ce ta jama'a ta Faransa da cibiyar bincike da ke Palaiseau, wani yanki da ke kudu da Paris.
Wannan makarantar da aka koyar da Ingilishi sosai tana da alaƙa akai-akai tare da bambance-bambancen ilimi da zaɓi. Matsayin Jami'ar Duniya na Times Higher Education 2021 ya sanya ta 87th da na biyu a cikin mafi kyawun ƙananan jami'o'in duniya a cikin 2020.
# 3 Jami'ar Sorbonne
Wannan jami'a da ake koyar da Ingilishi babbar jami'a ce ta duniya, jami'ar bincike da yawa. Ta himmatu wajen cin nasarar ɗalibanta da kuma tunkarar ƙalubalen kimiyya na ƙarni na ashirin da ɗaya.
Yana cikin tsakiyar Paris kuma yana da kasancewar yanki.
Jami'ar tana ba da fannoni daban-daban da suka haɗa da fasaha, ɗan adam, ilimin zamantakewa, kimiyyar halitta, injiniyanci, da likitanci.
Bugu da kari, Jami'ar Sorbonne an sanya ta 46 a cikin jerin Mafi kyawun Jami'o'in Duniya.
#4. CentraleSupélec
Wannan babbar jami'ar da aka koyar da Ingilishi ita ce cibiyar bincike ta Faransa da babbar cibiyar ilimi a cikin injiniya da kimiyya.
An kafa ta ne a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 2015, a sakamakon haɗakar dabarun dabarun manyan makarantun Faransa guda biyu, Ecole Centrale Paris da Supélec, don samar da ɗayan manyan jami'o'i masu daraja da zaɓe a Faransa.
Ainihin, cibiyar tana ba da digirin injiniya na CS, digiri na biyu, da PhDs.
Wadanda suka kammala karatun digiri na Ecole Centrale da Shirye-shiryen Injiniya Supelec suna cikin mafi yawan biyan kuɗi a Faransa, bisa ga nazarin biyan kuɗi da yawa.
An sanya shi 14th a cikin Matsayin Ilimi na Jami'o'in Duniya 2020.
# 5. Norcole Normale Suprérieure de Lyon
#6. École des Ponts Paris Tech
École des Ponts ParisTech (wanda aka fi sani da École Nationale des Ponts et chaussées ko ENPC) jami'a ce ta matakin jami'a na manyan makarantu da bincike a kimiyya, injiniyanci, da fasaha. An kafa jami'a a 1747.
Ainihin, an kafa shi don horar da hukumomin injiniya da injiniyoyin farar hula, amma a halin yanzu tana ba da ɗimbin ilimi a cikin kimiyyar kwamfuta, ilimin lissafi, injiniyan farar hula, injiniyoyi, kuɗi, tattalin arziki, ƙirƙira, karatun birni, muhalli, da injiniyan sufuri.
An nada wannan Grandes Écoles ɗayan mafi kyawun ƙananan jami'o'i goma a duniya ta Times Higher Education.
#7. Kimiyya Po
An kafa wannan babbar cibiyar a cikin 1872 kuma ta kware a ilimin zamantakewa da siyasa.
Ilimi a Sciences Po na darussa da yawa ne da harsuna biyu.
Sciences Po yana ba da babbar ƙima akan aikace-aikacen bayanai mai amfani, haɗin gwiwa tare da ƙwararru, ayyuka na yau da kullun, da haɗin kai na ɗalibi don horar da ƙwararrun ɗalibai.
Bugu da ƙari, a matsayin wani ɓangare na digiri na digiri na shekaru uku, Kwalejin digiri na buƙatar shekara guda a ƙasashen waje a ɗayan jami'o'in abokan hulɗa na Science Po.
Wannan ya ƙunshi cibiyar sadarwa ta duniya na manyan jami'o'in abokan tarayya 400 kamar Jami'ar Columbia ta New York, Cambridge, Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London, da Jami'ar Peking.
Dangane da martabar yaren Ingilishi, Sciences Po an sanya shi na biyu a duniya don nazarin Siyasa a cikin Matsayin Jigo na Jami'ar Duniya ta QS a cikin 2022, da 62nd a cikin ilimin zamantakewa ta Times Higher Education.
Hakanan, Sciences Po yana matsayi na 242 a duniya ta QS Rankings da 401-500 a cikin Times Higher Education.
#8. Jami'ar Paris
Wannan mafi kyawun jami'ar da aka koyar da Ingilishi ita ce babbar jami'ar bincike-bincike ta Faransa, jami'a da yawa a tsakiyar Paris, tana ba da shirye-shiryen ilimi mafi girma na duniya yayin ƙarfafa ƙirƙira da canja wurin bayanai.
Jami'ar Paris Cité, an kafa ta ne a cikin 2019 ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar jami'o'in Paris Diderot, Paris Descartes, da Institut de physique du globe de Paris.
Bugu da ƙari, Jami'ar Paris Cité an san shi a duniya. Yana ba wa ɗaliban sa yankan-baki, shirye-shiryen ƙirƙira a cikin fagage masu zuwa: Human, Tattalin Arziki, da Kimiyyar zamantakewa, Kimiyya da Fasaha, Magunguna, Dentistry, Pharmacy, da Nursing.
#9. Jami'ar Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne
Jami'ar Pantheon-Sorbonne (Jami'ar Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne) jami'ar bincike ce ta jama'a ta Paris wacce aka kafa a 1971.
Ainihin, fifikonsa yana kan manyan fage guda uku, wato: Kimiyyar Tattalin Arziki da Gudanarwa, Kimiyyar Dan Adam, da Kimiyyar Shari'a da Siyasa; ya haɗa da batutuwa kamar su Tattalin Arziki, Shari'a, Falsafa, Geography, Humanities, Cinema, Plastic Arts, Art History, Science Political, Mathematics, Management, and Social Sciences.
Bugu da ƙari, Dangane da matsayi, Pantheon-Sorbonne ya kasance matsayi na 287th da 9th a Faransa a cikin duniya ta QS World University Rankings a 2021, da 32nd a Faransa ta The Times Higher Education.
Dangane da suna a duniya, an sanya shi matsayi na 101-125 a cikin 2021 Times Higher Education Matsayin Sunan Duniya.
#10. ENS Paris-Saclay
Wannan babbar makarantar da aka koyar da Ingilishi fitacciyar babbar makarantar jama'a ce da makarantar bincike da aka kafa a cikin 1912 kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan Grandes Écoles na Faransa, waɗanda ake la'akari da kololuwar manyan makarantun Faransa.
Jami’ar na da manyan darussa guda uku: Kimiyya, Injiniya, da Kimiyyar Zamantakewa da Ilimin Dan Adam wadanda suka kasu kashi 17 na daidaiku: sassan Biology, Mathematics, Computer Science, Fundamental Physics, Chemistry; sassan injiniya na Lantarki, Injiniyan Injiniya, Injiniya na Jama'a; Tattalin Arziki da Gudanarwa, Kimiyyar zamantakewa, Harsuna, da Zane; da sassan ɗan adam na Tattalin Arziki da Gudanarwa, Kimiyyar Jama'a, Harsuna, da Zane. Yawancin waɗannan darussa ana koyar da su cikin Ingilishi.
#11. Paris Tech
Wannan Cibiyar da aka koyar da Ingilishi mai ƙima, tari ce ta manyan manya-manyan manyan ɗaruruwan ɗaruruwan ɗabi'o'in da ke birnin Paris, Faransa. Yana ba da cikakkiyar tarin shirye-shirye na musamman na duniya ga ɗalibai sama da 20.000 kuma ya ƙunshi duka kewayon kimiyya, fasaha, da gudanarwa.
ParisTech tana ba da digiri na 21 na Jagora, 95 Advanced Master's digiri (Mastères Spécialisés), yawancin shirye-shiryen MBA, da zaɓi na Ph.D. shirye-shirye.
# 12. Jami'ar Nantes
Ainihin, Jami'ar Nantes (Jami'ar de Nantes) fitacciyar babbar makaranta ce da cibiyar bincike a Yammacin Faransa, wacce ke cikin kyakkyawan birni na Nantes.
Jami'ar Nantes ta ci gaba da horarwa da bincike a cikin shekaru 50 da suka gabata, kuma an ba ta lambar I-Site don manyan jami'o'in da ke aiki a ƙasashen waje a cikin 2017.
A ma'auni na kasa, kuma a fannin shayar da ƙwararru bayan kammala karatun, Jami'ar Nantes tana matsayi na uku zuwa na hudu a cikin jami'o'i 69, ya danganta da fannin karatu.
Bugu da ƙari, kusan ɗalibai 34,500 a halin yanzu suna halartar jami'a. Fiye da 10% daga cikinsu ɗalibai ne na duniya daga ƙasashe daban-daban na 110.
A cikin 2016, an sanya jami'a tsakanin 401 da 500th ta Times Higher Education.
#13. ISEP
ISEP makarantar injiniya ce ta Faransa da ta kammala karatun digiri a cikin fasahar dijital da aka sani a matsayin "Grande École d'Ingénieurs." ISEP tana horar da injiniyoyin da suka kammala digiri sosai a cikin Kayan Lantarki, Sadarwa & Cibiyoyin Sadarwa, Injiniya Software, Tsarin Siginar Hoto, da Humanities, tana ba su ilimi da damar da ake buƙata don biyan bukatun kamfanoni.
Bugu da ƙari kuma, wannan mafi kyawun jami'a da aka koyar da Ingilishi yana ba da tsarin karatun kasa da kasa da aka koyar da shi gabaɗaya a cikin Ingilishi wanda ke ba wa ɗaliban ƙasashen duniya damar samun Digiri na Injiniya tun daga 2008. Wannan tsarin karatun ya haɗa da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun godiya ga haɗin gwiwa mai ƙarfi tare da ƙungiyoyi a cikin filayen da aka haɗa.
#14. Makarantar Injiniya ta EFREI na Bayani da Fasahar Dijital
EFREI (Makarantar Injiniyan Labarai da Fasaha ta Dijital) makarantar injiniya ce mai zaman kanta ta Faransa wacce aka kafa a 1936 a Villejuif, Île-de-Faransa, kudu da Paris.
Kwasa-kwasanta, wadanda suka kware a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta da sarrafa, ana koyar da su ne tare da tallafin jihohi. Daliban da suka kammala karatun digiri sun sami digirin injiniya na CTI (kwamitin ƙasa don ƙwarewar digiri na injiniya).
A tsarin ilimi na Turai, digiri yana daidai da digiri na biyu. A yau, kusan 6,500 tsofaffin ɗalibai na EFREI suna aiki a cikin masana'antu daban-daban, gami da ilimi, haɓaka albarkatun ɗan adam, kasuwanci / tallace-tallace, sarrafa kamfanoni, shawarwarin doka, da sauransu.
#15. ISA Lille
ISA Lille, asalin Cibiyar Supérieur d'Agriculture de Lille, tana ɗaya daga cikin makarantun Faransanci 205 da aka amince da su ba da digirin injiniya na Diplôme d'Ingénieur a ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2018. An rarraba shi a matsayin "grande école" a cikin tsarin ilimi mafi girma na Faransa. .
Yana ba da shirye-shiryen digiri iri-iri, gami da bincike da sabis na kasuwanci, tare da mai da hankali kan kimiyyar aikin gona, kimiyyar abinci, kimiyyar muhalli, da tattalin arzikin noma. Makarantar ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan makarantun Faransanci na farko don ba da shirye-shiryen koyar da su gabaɗaya cikin Ingilishi.
Shin akwai guraben karo karatu ga ɗaliban da ke son yin karatu a Faransa cikin Ingilishi?
Tabbas, ana samun guraben karatu da yawa ga 'yan ƙasa waɗanda ke son yin karatu a Faransa cikin Ingilishi.
Daliban duniya daga Afirka, Asiya, Turai, da sauran yankuna na duniya na iya neman tallafin karatu a Faransa. Waɗannan guraben karo ilimi galibi ana ba da su ne a kowace shekara ta jami'o'in Faransa da tushe.
A Faransa, ana iya bayar da karatun digiri na biyu da na gaba bisa ga jinsi, cancanta, yanki, ko ƙasa. Cancantar na iya bambanta dangane da mai ɗaukar nauyi.
Wasu daga cikin guraben karatu da ake samu don ɗaliban ƙasashen duniya don yin karatu a Faransa a cikin Ingilishi ana ba da su a ƙasa:
Jami'ar Paris Saclay's guraben karatu na nufin haɓaka ɗaliban ƙasashen duniya damar samun damar yin amfani da shirye-shiryen masters (ƙwararrun digiri na ƙasa) waɗanda aka koyar a cikin ƙungiyoyin membobinta, da kuma sauƙaƙe wa ɗaliban ƙasashen waje ƙwararrun ƙwararrun shiga Jami'ar ta, musamman waɗanda ke son haɓaka… aikin ilimi ta hanyar bincike har zuwa matakin digiri.
An kafa wannan tallafin karatu don maraba da ƙwararrun ɗalibai na duniya daga ƙasashe ban da Tarayyar Turai. An ba da tallafin karatu na Émile Boutmy ga ƙwararrun ɗalibai waɗanda bayanan martaba suka yi daidai da burin shigar da ilimin Kimiyyar Po da buƙatun kwas na musamman.
Bugu da ƙari, ɗalibai dole ne su zama ɗan takara na farko, daga ƙasar da ba ta Tarayyar Turai ba, waɗanda danginsu ba sa shigar da haraji a cikin Tarayyar Turai, kuma waɗanda suka yi rajista a cikin Digiri na farko ko na Master don samun cancantar samun lambar yabo.
Sikolashif ya tashi daga € 3,000 zuwa € 12,300 a kowace shekara don karatun karatun digiri da € 5,000 a kowace shekara don karatun Masters.
Wannan ƙwararren an yi shi ne ga mata daga ƙasashen Asiya ko Afirka waɗanda bala'o'i, fari, ko yunwa suka lalata su don yin karatu a HEC Paris.
Bugu da kari, karatun yana da darajar € 20,000, don samun cancantar wannan tallafin, dole ne ku zama ɗan takarar mace mafi girma wanda aka shigar da shi a cikin shirin HEC Paris MBA (cikakken lokaci kawai) kuma yana iya nuna kyawawan halayen jagoranci a cikin ɗayan. ko fiye daga cikin waɗannan fannonin sun cancanci wannan tallafin karatu: Sa-kai a cikin al'umma, Ba da agaji, da hanyoyin ci gaba mai dorewa.
Ainihin, ana ba da wannan babban tallafin karatu ga ƙwararrun ɗalibai na duniya tare da zaɓi don yin rajista a cikin ɗayan shirye-shiryen Master na ENS de Lyon.
Aikin karatun na shekara guda ne kuma yana biyan € 1,000 a wata. Ana iya sabunta shi a cikin shekara ta biyu idan daraktan shirye-shiryen masters ya zaɓi ɗan takarar kuma ya tabbatar da shekarar masters ta ɗaya.
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi game da Karatun Ƙasashen waje a Faransanci cikin Ingilishi kyauta
Zan iya karatu a Faransa kyauta?
Ee, idan kai ɗan ƙasa ne ko mazaunin dindindin na EEA (Yankin Tattalin Arziƙin Turai) ko ƙasar Switzerland. Koyaya, ana samun guraben karatu da yawa ga waɗanda ba Faransanci ko waɗanda ba 'yan ƙasa na EU ba.
Zan iya yin karatu a Faransa cikin Ingilishi?
Ee. Yawancin jami'o'i a Faransa suna ba da shirye-shiryen koyar da Ingilishi.
Nawa ne kudin haya a Faransa?
Gabaɗaya, a cikin 2021, Faransawa sun kashe kusan Yuro 851 don hayar gida da Yuro 435 don hayan ɗakin ɗaki ɗaya.
Faransa tana karɓar IELTS?
Ee, Faransa tana karɓar IELTS idan kun nemi digirin da aka koyar da Ingilishi (Gwajin da aka karɓa sune: IELTS, TOEFL, PTE Academic ko C1 Advanced)
Yabo
- 24 Jami'o'in Magana da Ingilishi a Faransa
- Nazarin a Faransa
- Jami'o'i 10 mafi arha a Faransa don ɗalibai na duniya
- 15 Mafi kyawun Jami'o'in Koyon Nisa a Turai
- Jami'o'i 10 Mafi arha a Turai Don Dalibai na Duniya.
Kammalawa
Wannan labarin yana ba ku duk bayanan da kuke buƙatar yin karatu a Faransanci cikin Ingilishi ba tare da kashe ko sisin kuɗin ku ba.
Yi bitar kowane sashe na wannan labarin a hankali, kuma ku tabbata kun fahimci hanyoyin da ke tattare da ku kafin fara aikace-aikacen ku.
Fatan alheri, Malamai!