Ubunjiniyela bezindiza kanye nobunjiniyela bezindiza yimisebenzi emibili efana kakhulu. Uma ufuna umsebenzi ohlanganisa ubuciko nesayensi, lezi zombili ziyizinketho ezinhle kakhulu. Lesi sihloko sihlose ukuqhathanisa ubunjiniyela be-aerospace nobunjiniyela bezindiza.
Onjiniyela bezindiza bachitha isikhathi sabo esiningi beklama futhi bakhe izindiza, kuyilapho onjiniyela bezindiza begxila kubuchwepheshe obungena ezimotweni ezinjengezindiza, amarokhethi, namasathelayithi.
Yize kunomehluko phakathi kwale misebenzi emibili - ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa ezindlekweni zokuqeqeshwa - sizoyihlola lapha ukuze ukwazi ukunquma ukuthi iyiphi efanelana nezintshisekelo zakho kangcono.
Okuqukethwe
Iyini i-Aerospace Engineering?
Ubunjiniyela be-Aerospace yinkundla ebanzi ehlanganisa zonke izici zezimoto zomoya nezasemkhathini, okuhlanganisa ukwakheka kwazo, ukwakhiwa, nokusebenza kwazo.
Onjiniyela be-Aerospace banesibopho sokuklama nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha. Ngakho-ke, inkambu inokuhamba okuphezulu komsebenzi lapho onjiniyela bevame ukushintsha imisebenzi phakathi kwezimboni ezihlobene ezifana nezindiza noma inkontileka yezokuvikela.
Iyini i-Aeronautical Engineering?
Ubunjiniyela bezindiza igatsha lobunjiniyela eliphathelene nokuklama, ukukhiqizwa, nokusebenza kwendiza.
Ingelinye lamagatsha amadala kakhulu kwezobunjiniyela, njengoba laqala ngokuthuthukiswa kwamabhaluni ekhulwini le-18. Namuhla onjiniyela bezindiza basaklama izindiza ezintsha kodwa futhi basebenzela ukuklama imicibisholo ecitshwayo, amarokhethi, nemikhumbi-mkhathi.
Onjiniyela bezindiza banomthwalo wemfanelo wokudala ubuchwepheshe obusha, ukuthuthukisa obukhona, kanye nokugcina ukuphepha kwezindiza abaziklamayo.
Onjiniyela bezindiza basebenza ezinhlobonhlobo zezimboni ezifana nezokuvikela, i-aerospace, izindiza zomphakathi, nokuhlola indawo.
I-Job Outlook: Iqhathaniswa Kanjani?
Kokubili ubunjiniyela be-aerospace nobunjiniyela bezindiza kuyizinkambu ezikhulayo, kodwa onjiniyela bezindiza (abakhula ngo-8%) bangase babe namathuba athe xaxa kunozakwabo basemkhathini (abakhula ngo-6%).
Umkhakha wobunjiniyela be-aerospace ubanzi futhi uhlanganisa izihloko eziningi, okuhlanganisa i-rocket propulsion, imishini yezindiza, izinhlelo zokuxhumana ngesathelayithi, nezinhlelo zokuzulazula.
Inkambu inokukhethekile okuningana ongakuphishekela ngemuva kokuthweswa iziqu okuhlanganisa nokuzwa ukude; amasistimu okuqondisa nokulawula; amandla endiza yesivinini esikhulu; i-space physics; imithombo yamandla aminyana kakhulu ezimotweni zasemkhathini; i-hypersonic aerothermodynamics (ucwaningo lokudlulisa ukushisa emoyeni); umklamo wesistimu ye-propulsion yezindiza zempi, ukubala ezimbalwa.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Aeronautics igxile ekwakhiweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezindiza igcizelela indlela ezisebenza ngayo emkhathini womhlaba kanye nasemkhathini. Ama-Aeronauts aphinde afunde ukuthi ubuchwepheshe obusha bungasetshenziswa kanjani ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kokuphepha kwezindiza ngokuhambisana nezindiza zezentengiselwano.
Inkambu inokucaciswa okwengeziwe amathuba emisebenzi itholakala ngenxa yokugxila kwayo okukhethekile kuyilapho inkambu ebanzi ye-Aerospace Engineering inikezela ngamathuba abanzi ahlobene nokuklama imishini endizayo ezindaweni ezihlukene njengamanzi noma umoya, okungase kudinge imiklamo ehlukene.
Ungaba Kanjani Unjiniyela Wezindiza
Ungafundela iziqu zeBachelor of Science zeminyaka emine ku-Aerospace Engineering. Kulokhu, uzobe ufunda izihloko ezifanayo njengonjiniyela wezindiza kodwa ugxile kakhulu ohlangothini lobunjiniyela bezinto. Lokhu kuzokunikeza ukuqonda okubanzi kokuthi izindiza nemikhumbi-mkhathi kusebenza kanjani.
Okunye, ungaphinda ufundele iBachelor of Engineering degree in Mechanical Engineering, bese emva kwalokho, ubhalisele izifundo ezikhethekile ze-Aerospace Engineering (uhlelo lwenkosi).
Kodwa-ke, isiyalo sobunjiniyela be-aerospace sidinga ukuthi ube namandla izibalo nesayensi isizinda okumele sicatshangelwe ukuze kwamukelwe. Ngakho-ke, cabanga ukwenza umqondo wakho esikoleni esiphakeme.
Ungaba Kanjani Unjiniyela Wezindiza
Okokuqala, udinga ukuthola okungcono kakhulu high school imfundo kungenzeka. Njengomkhakha wobunjiniyela be-aerospace, kufanele uthathe amakilasi amaningi ezibalo nesayensi ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ube sethubeni eliphezulu lokubhaliswa ohlelweni lobunjiniyela bezindiza.
Ngemva kwesikole samabanga aphezulu, bhalisa kuziqu ze-bachelor's majoring noma ubunjiniyela be-aeronautical noma i-aerospace. Lokhu kuvame ukuthatha iminyaka emithathu kuya kwemine ukuqeda. Kodwa-ke, ukuqeda izifundo ze-postgraduate ngemuva kwalokho kuzoba yinzuzo emsebenzini wakho.
Okulandelayo, kufanele ucabangele ama-internship kanye nokwelulekwa ngonjiniyela abangochwepheshe abangasiza ukuqondisa indlela yakho yomsebenzi. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi uthole ulwazi oluningi mayelana nokusebenza nezinhlobo ezahlukene zezindiza nezinjini ngaphambi kokuphothula ekolishi.
Ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu, kubalulekile ukuthi bobabili onjiniyela be-aerospace nonjiniyela bezindiza baqhubeke nokuqeqeshwa kwabo ngamakilasi emfundo aqhubekayo noma izinhlelo zokunikeza izitifiketi ukuze bahlale benolwazi lwakamuva ngobuchwepheshe bamanje obusetshenziswa emikhakheni yabo yokufunda.
Amakhono Adingeka Kule Misebenzi
Ngokungeziwe ekuxazululeni izinkinga nokuhlela idatha, onjiniyela be-aerospace kudingeka bakwazi ukusebenza ngamaqembu. Isibonelo, bavame ukusebenza nabanye onjiniyela emaqenjini abaklami noma amaqembu ocwaningo.
Bangase futhi basebenzisane nabantu abangebona onjiniyela kodwa abanamakhono akhethekile adingekayo ukuze kuklanywe noma kuhlolwe umkhiqizo othile, njengososayensi bezinto zokwakha noma abaklami bezimboni.
Onjiniyela bezindiza basebenzisa ulwazi lwabo lwe-aerodynamics kanye ne-thermodynamics lapho beklama izindiza. Baphinde basebenzise ubuchwepheshe babo kwizibalo ne-physics ukuhlola izindiza noma ezinye izimoto ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwendiza.
Onjiniyela bezindiza kufanele babe abaxhumanisi abakahle abakwazi ukuxhumana ngolwazi lobuchwepheshe ngokucacile nangokufingqiwe ukuze abanye abantu baluqonde kalula.
Amanye amakhono adingekayo kule misebenzi (ngokungahleliwe) afaka:
- Ukucabanga okubucayi
- Ukuphathwa kobunjiniyela
- Kuhlela
- Amakhono okuhlaziya
- Amakhono wezibalo
Yiziphi Ukufana Phakathi Kwalokhu Okubili?
Kokubili ubunjiniyela be-aeronautics kanye ne-aerospace buhileleke ekwakhiweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwendiza. Bobabili bayabandakanyeka ekwakhiweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwemikhumbi-mkhathi, imicibisholo, amarokhethi, kanye nezinye izimoto ezisetshenziselwa ukuthutha abantu noma impahla emkhathini.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu kufana, yomibili le mikhakha ihlanganisa ucwaningo olumayelana nendlela engcono kakhulu yokuthuthukisa izindiza ezikhona (kanye nezinhlelo zazo ezingaphansi) kanye nendlela engcono kakhulu yokudala ezintsha kusukela ekuqaleni.
Izinselele
Nakuba kokubili ubunjiniyela be-aerospace nobunjiniyela bezindiza kusekelwe ezimisweni ezifanayo, kuyahluka ekugxileni kwabo.
Onjiniyela bezindiza funda ukuklama nokwakhiwa kwemikhumbi-mkhathi esetshenziswa ngaphakathi nangaphandle komkhathi woMhlaba, kuyilapho onjiniyela be-aeronautical bheka ukuklanywa nokwakhiwa kwezindiza. Kuphephile ukusho ukuthi ubunjiniyela bezindiza buyigatsha lobunjiniyela be-aerospace; enye ubunjiniyela bezinkanyezi.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu mehluko endabeni yesifundo, kukhona nezinselelo ezahlukene ezihambisana nomkhakha ngamunye. Uma unentshisekelo kunoma iyiphi indlela yomsebenzi, kubalulekile ukuthi uqonde ukuthi lezo zinselele zibandakanyani ukuze ukwazi ukuzilungiselela.
Onjiniyela basemkhathini bangase babhekane nezinselele eziningi ezihlukahlukene lapho besebenza kumaphrojekthi ahilela ukuhamba emkhathini noma indiza. Ngokwesibonelo:
- Kumelwe bakwazi ukusebenza kahle ngaphansi kwengcindezi ngoba ngokuvamile kunomnqamulajuqu oqinile ohilelekile kulawa maphrojekthi;
- Badinga amakhono amahle okuxhumana ngoba ngokuvamile bazobe besebenza njengengxenye yeqembu; futhi
- Kumelwe bafunde ukuxazulula izinkinga ngokuphumelelayo ngaphandle kwesiqondiso esivela kwabanye, uma kunesidingo.
Izinzuzo zomsebenzi
Uma usuvele usosizini olulodwa futhi uzibuza ukuthi ingabe esinye sifaneleka kakhulu, kuyasiza ukwazi ukuthi ziyafana ngempela. Bobabili onjiniyela be-aerospace nonjiniyela bezindiza banezihloko eziningi zemisebenzi efanayo, njengonjiniyela wephrojekthi nososayensi wocwaningo.
Umehluko omkhulu wukuthi ubunjiniyela bezindiza bunemfundo ekhetheke kakhulu engenza kube lula kwabathweswe iziqu ukuthola imisebenzi kosonkontileka bezempi noma izinkampani zezindiza.
Phezu kwalokhu, abantu abaningi babheka onjiniyela bezindiza njengabanekhono lobuchwepheshe kunonjiniyela basemkhathini ngoba bangena emininingwaneni eminingi mayelana namaphrojekthi abo. Onjiniyela be-Aerospace bavame ukungazibandakanyi kangako nomsebenzi wokuklama kunozakwabo.
Lokhu kunengqondo njengoba ubunjiniyela bezindiza bugxile ekuklameni izindiza kuyilapho ubunjiniyela be-aerospace bugxile ekwakheni izimoto zasemkhathini njengamarokhethi namasathelayithi.
Umehluko
Ubunjiniyela be-Aerospace bunzima kakhulu ngoba budinga izinga eliphezulu lezibalo, i-physics, namakhono okuxazulula izinkinga. Onjiniyela bezindiza kudingeka bajwayelane nezimiso eziyisisekelo zobunjiniyela ukuze baklame kahle indiza.
Kufanele futhi bakwazi ukusebenzisa amakhompiyutha ukwenza i-computer-aid design (CAD), i-computer-aid production (CAM), kanye nesofthiwe yokuhlaziya izinto ezinomkhawulo.
Onjiniyela bezindiza babambe iqhaza kuzo zonke izici zokuklama nokwakha izindiza kusukela kumqondo ngokusebenzisa izitifiketi I-Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Ngokuvamile basebenzelana eduze nama-aerodynamicists, abaklami bezakhiwo, ochwepheshe be-propulsion, kanye nochwepheshe bezindiza abasebenza ndawonye njengeqembu ukwakha izindiza ezintsha noma ukuthuthukisa ezikhona.
Lezi zingcweti ngokuvamile zisebenza ngokukhethekile emisebenzini yezobuciko yendiza yomphakathi noma yezempi ukuze zikwazi ukugxila ezindaweni ezithile ezifana nobuchwepheshe be-propulsion noma idizayini yokulawula indiza.
Iyiphi Eqinile?
Nansi impendulo elula: zombili izinkambu ziyinselele, kodwa uma ufuna inselele, ubunjiniyela be-aerospace yilapho bukhona. Kodwa uma ufuna okuthile okwengeziwe, ubunjiniyela bezindiza bungase bube yisitayela sakho.
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuthola ukuthi iyiphi ekulungele ukwenza ucwaningo oluthile. Bheka ezinye izikole ezinezinhlelo kumkhakha ngamunye futhi ubone ukuthi amawebhusayithi azo athini mayelana nezinga lobunzima bohlelo lwazo.
Khuluma nezinhloko zeminyango noma osolwazi abanolwazi lokufundisa kuyo yomibili le mikhakha; bazokunikeza umbono ongcono wokuthi yini ongayilindela kumphathi ngamunye ngokufika komthwalo wokusebenza.
I-Aerospace Engineering vs I-Aeronautic Engineering: Isinqumo
Ngalo lonke lolu lwazi engqondweni, cishe ungabona ukuthi kungani idigri yobunjiniyela bezindiza ingase ihilele ukwakheka, ukukhiqizwa, nokuhlolwa kwezindiza namasistimu azo.
Onjiniyela bezindiza kungenzeka babambe iqhaza kulo lonke uhlelo kusukela kumqondo kuye ekuthuthukisweni nasekusetshenzisweni, kunokuba kube nengxenye eyodwa nje yayo.
Kukhona futhi omunye umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zobunjiniyela: onjiniyela basemkhathini basebenza nesofthiwe elingisa indiza kuyilapho onjiniyela bezindiza besebenzisa. izinhlelo zekhompyutha yakhelwe ukudala amamodeli aphathekayo angahlolwa ngaphansi kwezimo zangempela.
Ekugcineni, ngokuya ngeholo, laba basebenzi ababili bathola imali enhle. Kuhle kakhulu, empeleni, benza cishe into efanayo ngokwesilinganiso. Ngokuvumelana ne Ngempela, onjiniyela bezindiza (abasebenza eNASA) benza u-$106,325 ngokwesilinganiso seholo lonyaka; onjiniyela bezindiza benza ama- $ 102,300. Zombili lezi yizinzuzo zesinxephezelo esinethezekile.
Nokho, i isinqumo sokugcina ukuthi uma ufuna inkambu ekhulayo enamathuba amaningi avuliwe esikhathini esizayo, khona-ke ubunjiniyela bezindiza bungase bulungele wena. Kodwa uma uwuthanda umqondo wokudlala ngobuchwepheshe basemkhathini, cabanga ubunjiniyela be-aerospace. Kunomehluko omncane kakhulu phakathi kwakho kokubili; noma ngabe umsebenzi muhle!
Noma ngabe yini onquma ukuyifundela, kufanele wazi ukuthi kuzoba yinselele; kufanele uhlale usemandleni akho emfundo ukuze uphumelele kunoma yiliphi indiza noma ubungcweti obuhlobene nomkhathi.
imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa
Ingabe i-Aeronautical Engineering iyafana ne-Aerospace Engineering?
I-Aeronautical Engineering igatsha le-Aerospace Engineering; elinye igatsha elobunjiniyela bezinkanyezi. Ibhekene nokwakhiwa kwendiza kanye nokuqhutshwa kwemikhumbi-mkhathi endizela emkhathini woMhlaba.
Ingabe unjiniyela wasemkhathini angaba usomkhathi?
Ngenxa yokufana kwazo okusobala kanye nezidingo eziseduze zemfundo, lokhu kungenzeka kakhulu. Eqinisweni, onjiniyela be-aerospace bangasebenza ngokukhethekile njengonjiniyela bezindiza noma bezinkanyezi.
Ingabe onjiniyela be-aerospace bayadingeka?
Isidingo sonjiniyela be-aerospace sizokhuphuka ngamaphesenti angu-6 phakathi kuka-2021 kuya ku-2031, ngokusho kwe-BLS. Ngalesi sikhathi, kuzoba nezikhala zemisebenzi ezingaba ngu-3,700, okufanelekile ukusho ukuthi lo chwepheshe uzobona ukukhula okuhlobene nesidingo.
Ingabe i-NASA iqasha onjiniyela bezindiza?
Yebo. Uma leli kuyiphupho lakho, lilungiselele. I-NASA iqasha onjiniyela bezindiza.
Imuphi umsebenzi okhokha kakhulu: ubunjiniyela bezindiza noma ubunjiniyela bezindiza?
Ubunjiniyela bezindiza bukhokha kancane.
Ukufundwa Okunconyiwe
- Ingabe I-Aerospace Engineering Inzima?
- Ungaba Kanjani I-Astronaut
- Izifundo Zobunjiniyela Eziyi-10 Ezinzima Kakhulu Emhlabeni
- 15 Iziqu Zobunjiniyela Ezilula Ukuzithola Ukuze Uphumelele.
Ukukusonga
Njengoba ubona, kunokufana okuningi phakathi kwale misebenzi emibili kanye nomehluko othile omncane. Ngethemba ukuthi lesi sihloko sikusize wenze isinqumo sokuthi iyiphi ekufanele. Uma kunjalo, siyakuhalalisela! Manje phumela lapho futhi uthole lawo maphiko kasomkhathi.
