Ungazizwa kanjani ngokwazi okwengeziwe ngomsebenzi kanjiniyela wemishini? Kuhle! Khona-ke singajabula kakhulu ukukwazisa okwengeziwe ngalokho kulokhu okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi.
Lo mbhalo ukhuluma ngamakhono abalulekile, izinto okufanele uzazi futhi ucabange ngazo ngaphambi kokuphishekela iziqu zobunjiniyela bemishini, umsebenzi ojwayelekile wonjiniyela bemishini, kanye nomsebenzi wobunjiniyela bemishini.
Ngalokhu okuthunyelwe, sizokwazi ukusiza ngolwazi olubalulekile oluzokwaziwa ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo sobunjiniyela bemishini.
Okuqukethwe
Amakhono Abalulekile Onjiniyela Bemishini
Lawa makhono alandelayo amakhono abalulekile adingekayo kunjiniyela wemishini:
I-1. Ezokuxhumana
Nsuku zonke, onjiniyela kufanele basebenzisane nozakwabo, abaphathi, abasebenzi abavela kweminye imikhakha, ngisho namakhasimende.
Umsebenzi wabo uyinkimbinkimbi futhi uyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa akubona bonke abantu ababambisana nabo abanezinga elifanayo lolwazi lobuchwepheshe, okwenza ukubambisana okuhle kubaluleke kakhulu kubo.
Kwezobunjiniyela, ukuxhumana okucacile kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi wonke umuntu ohlotshaniswa nephrojekthi usohlangothini lwangempela.
2. Ukusungula
Ukuze bakwazi ngempela ukudala nokukhiqiza amathuluzi ahlukene, izimpahla, imishini, nezinye izinhlobo zamaphrojekthi adingekayo emsebenzini wabo, onjiniyela bemishini kufanele babe namakhono amakhulu okudala.
Ngokwesibonelo, unjiniyela oyimishini kuzodingeka aqhamuke nendlela yokuklama ingqamuzana elingalingana nohlobo oluthile lomshini.
Onjiniyela bahlale beza nemibono emisha nezixazululo zokuxazulula izinkinga. Yize bungekho ubunzima noma izinkinga ezimbili ezifanayo, ukuvela emkhakheni wobunjiniyela kwaziswa kakhulu.
3. Ukubambisana
Ukwenza abantu benze ngempumelelo ngangokunokwenzeka lapho usebenzisana yingxenye ebalulekile yabantu abaholayo. Ezindaweni zokusebenza zobunjiniyela, ukusebenzisana kuvamile.
Ukuxhumana nokubambisana kuyizinsika zokuphatha izinhlelo eziningi zamanje.
Esimeni sobunjiniyela, kuvamile ukukhuthaza ukusebenzisana ngokukhuthaza, ukugxeka okwakhayo, nangokukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa nokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono okuxhumana aphumelelayo.
4. Amakhono Ezibalo
Ukuze uhlele futhi uthuthukise amathuluzi, izinjini, imishini, nezinye izinto zokusebenza ezisebenza ngomshini, onjiniyela bemishini kufanele babe nokuqonda okuqinile kwezibalo.
Baphinde baqondise ukusethwa, ukusetshenziswa, ukunakekelwa, kanye nokulungiswa kwemishini ehlanganisa ukufudumeza okuphakathi, igesi, amanzi, nezinhlelo zokushunqisa.
Izibalo zibalulekile kubunjiniyela bemishini ngoba iyadingeka ukuxazulula izinkinga, ukuqonda izakhiwo zezibalo, nokusebenzisa imigomo yemvelo, okuyizethulo zezibalo.
Izinto Okufanele Uzazi Futhi Ucabange Ngazo Ngaphambi Kokulandela Iziqu Zobunjiniyela Bemishini
- Imikhakha ebaluleke kakhulu yobunjiniyela bemishini imvamisa i-physics nezibalo.
- Kufanele ukulungele ukwenza umzamo omkhulu ngesikhathi somsebenzi wakho wobunjiniyela nangale kwalokho.
- Ukunqanyulwa nokuncintisana kokubili kuphezulu ngokwedlulele, nabafundi abaningi abake bahlola i-GATE.
Imisebenzi Ejwayelekile Yonjiniyela Wemishini
Abantu abafundela ubunjiniyela bemishini nabo bangasebenza njengonjiniyela abalandelayo:
1. Unjiniyela Wokukhiqiza
Onjiniyela emkhakheni wezokukhiqiza basebenzisa iziqu zabo ukuze bazuze.
Onjiniyela bokukhiqiza bagxile ekuthuthukisweni nasekuphathweni kwengqalasizinda ukuze kwenziwe izimpahla ezisezingeni eliphezulu nezingabizi kakhulu.
Amanethiwekhi ekhompyutha, amarobhothi, imishini, namathuluzi okuphatha impahla ayizibonelo ezimbalwa zalezi zinhlelo.
2. Unjiniyela Wenuzi
Benza ucwaningo, izinhlelo zokuklama, noma babhekane nezindaba eziphathelene nokuchithwa, ukulawulwa, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla enuzi kanye nokulahlwa kwemfucuza yenuzi.
Ama-opharetha ama-reactor, onjiniyela bezinqubo, onjiniyela bekhwalithi, onjiniyela be-C&I, nabaphathi baphakathi kwezibopho ezidlalwa onjiniyela bemishini ngokukhethekile kulo mkhakha.
3. Injini Yasemkhathini
Laba njiniyela basebenza emikhakheni lapho abantu bakha khona noma bakhe imikhumbi-mkhathi, imicibisholo ejikijelwayo, izinhlelo zokuphepha kazwelonke, noma izindiza.
Kulesi siqondiso, onjiniyela bemishini bangasebenzisana nonjiniyela bezindiza. Basiza ekwenzeni nasekunakekeleni izindiza lapha.
Ubuchwepheshe bonjiniyela bomakhenikha bungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi amadizayini afanele izidingo zesikhumulo sezindiza nokunye okucatshangelwayo kokukhiqiza.
4. Unjiniyela Wokwakha
Onjiniyela abasakhayo baphethe imisebenzi emikhulu yokwakha.
Bahlola amasu nemiklamo yamaphrojekthi, balawule isikhathi nezinsiza ezabelwe bona, futhi benze izilinganiso zezindleko.
Kumaphrojekthi ahilela ukuhlelwa nokuklanywa kwezakhiwo zezentengiselwano, ezinye izimboni zokwakha zize zibandakanye onjiniyela bemishini.
5. Unjiniyela Wezimoto
Basebenzela ukuthuthukiswa, ukukhiqiza, ukusatshalaliswa, ukumaketha, ukuthengisa, kanye nokugcinwa kokuthengiswa kwezimoto zabagibeli nezentengiso, okuhlanganisa nezimoto zomjaho.
Abaphothule izifundo zabo zobunjiniyela bezimoto bangaklama futhi bakhe imishini nezingxenye zemishini zezimoto, izitimela, nezinye izimoto ezizenzakalelayo.
Imisebenzi yabo ingase ihlanganise ukukhiqiza, ukuklama, nokucwaninga nokuthuthukiswa.
6. Unjiniyela Wokunakekela
Kuzoba umsebenzi wakho njengonjiniyela olungisa izinto ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imishini nemishini isebenza ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Ukukhiqiza, ukukhiqiza, noma ukuthutha konke kuyizindlela zomsebenzi ezingaba khona.
Amafekthri amakhulu angase aqashe onjiniyela bokukhanda ukuze banakekele imishini esindayo efana ne-air conditioning nezinhlelo zokufudumeza, amathuluzi okukhiqiza, nezinjini ezingase zisebenze ngokuqhubekayo.
Ukusevisa zonke izisetshenziswa endaweni eyodwa, zingasebenza ngamaqembu noma zizodwa.
Uhlu Lwendlela Yomsebenzi Kanjiniyela Wemishini
Ngezansi uhlu lwezindlela ezi-5 zomsebenzi zikanjiniyela wemishini:
- Thatha izifundo zobunjiniyela bemishini ukuze uthole iziqu
- Qedela i-internship yasehlobo noma uhlelo lwe-co-op
- I-Ace ukuhlolwa kwe-FE (okuyisisekelo sobunjiniyela)
- Bheka umsebenzi wezinga lokungena
- Thola ilayisense yakho yobunjiniyela.
Indlela Yomsebenzi Kanjiniyela Wemishini
1. Thatha izifundo zobunjiniyela bemishini ukuze uthole iziqu
Ezingeni le-undergraduate, amadigri yobunjiniyela bemishini ngokuvamile athatha iminyaka emithathu kuya kwemine, futhi unyaka owodwa kuya kwemibili ezingeni le-master. Abathweswe iziqu abaphothula ngempumelelo izifundo zabo baklonyeliswa ngeziqu ze-BEng noma ze-MEng.
Kuzoba namathuba okukhetha okukhethekile bese uqedela umsebenzi wephrojekthi yomuntu ngamunye noma weqembu ngemuva kwengxenye yokuqala yeziqu, ehlanganiswa nezifundo ezethulo ezidingekayo.
Ukufundisa ngokuvamile kuzothatha uhlobo lwezinkulumo namasemina. Izivivinyo ezibhaliwe, izethulo, namaphrojekthi ocwaningo cishe azosetshenziswa ekuhloleni abafundi.
2. Qedela i-internship yasehlobo noma uhlelo lwe-co-op
Abafundi basekolishi banokufinyelela ezinhlobonhlobo zezinketho ezikhethekile, enye yazo okuyithuba lokuzama umsebenzi usengumfundi. Abafundi basekolishi banokufinyelela kokubili ama-internship kanye nemfundo yokubambisana (co-op) ukuqashwa.
Ngokuvamile ziqondiswe kubafundi abafuna ukwenza imisebenzi embonini, kodwa zingase futhi zibe usizo kubafundi abathanda iziqu zesikole noma umsebenzi embonini.
Abafundi bathola ithuba lokubeka ulwazi lwabo ukuze balusebenzise kuzilungiselelo zomhlaba wangempela ngokusebenzisa ama-internship nama-co-ops. Ukwengeza, banikeza abafundi ithuba lokwazi abangaba abaqashi. Izinzuzo ze-internship noma i-co-op ziningi
Yize ama-internship engenzeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, isikhathi esijwayelekile sokufunda ihlobo phakathi kwama-semesters.
3. Isivivinyo se-Ace (izinto eziyisisekelo zobunjiniyela)
Ngokujwayelekile, ukuthatha ukuhlolwa kwe-Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuba unjiniyela oqeqeshiwe onelayisensi (PE).
Ihloselwe izitshudeni ezisanda kuthweswa iziqu ezinhlelweni zobunjiniyela ezineziqu ze-EAC/ABET kanye nalabo asebezoqeda. Ukuhlolwa kwe-FE kuwukuhlola okusekelwe kukhompuyutha okunikezwa unyaka wonke.
Imibuzo eyi-110 isiyonke ikusivivinyo se-FE. Isikhathi sokuhlolwa sihlelelwe amahora ayisithupha futhi sihlanganisa isivumelwano sokungavezi lutho imizuzu emi-2, isifundo semizuzu engu-8, Isivivinyo samahora angu-5 nemizuzu engu-20, kanye nekhefu elihleliwe lemizuzu engu-25.
4. Bheka umsebenzi osezingeni lokungena
Onjiniyela abasezingeni lokungenela abasebenza kulezi zindima zesevisi yobunjiniyela bavame ukusebenzisana neqembu labanye onjiniyela abaningi ukuze bakhe futhi baqedele amaphrojekthi enkontileka ahlukahlukene.
Kukhona namabhizinisi ezimboni nemishini lapho ungathola khona isikhundla sezinga lokungena. Lapho usebenza engxenyeni eyodwa ebalulekile yomshini omkhulu kakhulu ezinhlanganweni ezinkulu, onjiniyela bemishini abasezingeni lokungenela bavame ukuba yisipesheli.
Unjiniyela wezinga lokungena enkampanini encane, njengokuqala kwensiza yezokwelapha, angabambisana nethimba lonke ekuthuthukiseni umkhiqizo omusha ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kukhona namabhizinisi ezimboni nemishini lapho ungathola khona isikhundla sezinga lokungena.
Onjiniyela bemishini badingeka ezindaweni eziningi zokuhlanganisa nokukhiqiza ukuze basize ekudaleni izimpahla zabo, futhi lezi zikhungo zihlala ziqasha abasebenzi abasha ukuze basize ngokukhiqiza nokuhlola.
5. Thola ilayisense yakho yobunjiniyela
Onjiniyela badinga ukuqeda uhlelo lweziqu zeminyaka emine, basebenzele Unjiniyela Oqeqeshiwe okungenani iminyaka emine, baphumelele izivivinyo ezimbili eziqinile zekhono, futhi bathole ilayisense enhlanganweni ekhipha amalayisense yombuso wabo ngaphambi kokuba banikezwe ilayisense. Onjiniyela abangochwepheshe kufanele ngokuqhubekayo bagcine futhi bathuthukise amasethi abo emfundo namakhono kuyo yonke imisebenzi yabo ukuze bagcine amalayisense abo.
Abazoba yi-PE kumele:
- qedela iziqu zobunjiniyela zeminyaka emine esikhungweni sobunjiniyela esaziwayo ukuze uthole ilayisensi ye-PE.
- thatha isivivinyo se-Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) futhi usiphumelele.
- ukuqedela ngempumelelo ukuhlolwa kwe-PE (Izimiso Nomkhuba Wobunjiniyela).
- thola iminyaka emine yesipiliyoni sobunjiniyela esinesibopho ngokuqhubekayo.
Imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa:
Asebenza kanjani ama-apprenticeships?
Okunye okungenziwa ezifundweni zezemfundo, njengokuqeqeshelwa umsebenzi, kuyatholakala konjiniyela bemishini. Zilungele labo abafisa ukufunda nokwenza imali. Isikhathi esijwayelekile esidingekayo ukuze uthole isitifiketi ngale ndlela unyaka owodwa kuya kwemine.
Ayini amathuba omsebenzi wobunjiniyela bemishini?
Ngenxa yesidingo esikhulu sabathweswe iziqu zobunjiniyela, onjiniyela bemishini banamathuba amahle kakhulu okuqashwa. Angaphezu kwezigidi ezi-2 amathuba emisebenzi emkhakheni wobunjiniyela okulindelekile.
Yiziphi izinto eziyisisekelo zobunjiniyela bemishini ezikhona?
Ukuqonda imiqondo eyisisekelo kumakhenika, i-dynamics, i-thermodynamics, isayensi yezinto zokwakha, ukwakheka, ukuhlaziya kwesakhiwo, kanye nogesi kuyadingeka konjiniyela bemishini.
Ngabe ubunjiniyela bemishini buzongifanela kahle?
Ikusasa kubunjiniyela bemishini lingakulungele uma ujabulela ukuthuthukisa izimpendulo ezisebenzisekayo ezindabeni futhi ujabulele ukubona imibono yakho iphila.
Siphakamisa futhi:
- 15 Imisebenzi Ejabulisayo Yezibalo Ezokuvulela Iminyango Emisha
- Ukusesha Umsebenzi: Izibikezelo Zemisebenzi Okufanele Uzazi Ngazo
- Izinhlobo Eziyisi-7 Zemisebenzi Yedizayini Yezithombe okufanele Zihlolwe.
Isiphetho:
Indlela yokuba unjiniyela wemishini ayilula neze. Kuzodingeka uzilolonge nsuku zonke futhi usebenze kanzima ngomqondo ozimisele.
Kunobungcweti obuncane bobunjiniyela bemishini, kufaka phakathi ama-acoustics, ukulawula okuzenzakalelayo, uhlelo nokulawula, ukuvutha, amarobhothi, ukukhiqiza, ukugcinwa, nokunye.
Ngale ndlela yomsebenzi, ngikufisela konke okuhle ekuzameni ukuba unjiniyela wemishini.
