Izifundo zobuNjineli ezingama-20 eziBalaseleyo

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Ukukhetha ezona zifundo zobunjineli zibalaseleyo onokuthi uzithathe kunokuba yenye yezona ndawo zinzima ekugqibeni ngento ofuna ukuyifundela ekholejini okanye eyunivesithi.

Ukuba awuqinisekanga ukuba zeziphi izifundo zobunjineli onokuzithatha, ungakhathazeki! Iinjineli zikwimfuno ephezulu kwezi ntsuku kwaye zinokwenza imali ebalaseleyo, iindlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zomsebenzi zivulekele wena ngokuxhomekeke kubuchule bakho kunye nezinto ozikhethayo.

Ezi zifundo zilandelayo zobunjineli ezingama-20 zibonelela ngolwazi olusisiseko olusemagqabini kunye namathuba awodwa emisebenzi kwicandelo lobunjineli.

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthatha isigqibo sokuba yeyiphi ikhosi yobunjineli omawuyithathe ngokulandelayo kukuthathela ingqalelo ikhondo lomsebenzi ofuna ukulilandela ngononophelo, emva koko ukhethe enye yezi zifundo zingama-20 zilandelayo zobunjineli ezifanelene naloo ndlela!

Lithini ikamva lobuNjineli?

Engineering yintsimi ebanzi equka iindawo ezininzi kunye nezicelo. Kukho amathuba amaninzi kwiingcali zobunjineli kwixesha elizayo.

Imfuno yeenjineli iya kuqhubeka ikhula kwixesha elizayo, ke kuya kufuneka ucinge ngokufumana isidanga sobunjineli ukuba ufuna ukusebenza kweli candelo.

Ubunjineli yintsimi ebanzi equka iindawo ezininzi kunye nokusetyenziswa. Kukho amathuba amaninzi kwiingcali zobunjineli kwixesha elizayo.

Imfuno yeenjineli iya kuqhubeka ikhula kwixesha elizayo, ke kuya kufuneka ucinge ngokufumana isidanga sobunjineli ukuba ufuna ukusebenza kweli candelo.

Kuya kuhlala kukho imfuneko yeenjineli ukuba nje itekhnoloji iqhubeka nokuhambela phambili. Imfuno yeenjineli nayo iya kunyuka ngenxa yokukhula kwabemi.

Njengoko ilizwe lethu lixinana ngakumbi kwaye sisakha izixeko, kuya kubakho imfuneko enkulu yeenjineli ezinokuyila izakhiwo ezikhuselekileyo nezisebenzayo ezihlangabezana neemfuno zabantu abahlala kwezi ndawo.

Ukufumana ulwazi lobuNjineli kunye neZakhono

Ubunjineli likhondo elicela umngeni, kodwa linomvuzo omkhulu. Ikamva lobunjineli likhangeleka liqaqambile kwaye lithembisa.

Ngokunyuka kwetekhnoloji entsha kunye nezinto ezintsha kwisayensi, itekhnoloji, ubunjineli, kunye nezibalo (STEM), abantu abaninzi banomdla wokufuna imisebenzi kweli candelo.

Imfuno yeenjineli iye yanda ngaphezu kweminyaka ngenxa yezakhono zabo ezifunwa ngamashishini ahlukeneyo ukusombulula iingxaki ezinxulumene neenkqubo zemveliso okanye imisebenzi yokulondoloza efuna ulwazi lobugcisa kunye nobuchule.

Ngoqeqesho olufanelekileyo kunye nemfundo, unokuba yinjineli. Zininzi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemimandla yobunjineli, efana neyoluntu, oomatshini, kunye nombane.

Intsimi nganye ifuna isethi eyahlukileyo yezakhono nolwazi ukuze uphumelele kumsebenzi wakho.

Uluhlu lwe Izifundo zobuNjineli ezingama-20 eziBalaseleyo

Apha ngezantsi kukho uluhlu lwezifundo zobunjineli ezingcono ezingama-20:

Izifundo zobuNjineli ezingama-20 eziBalaseleyo

1. Ubunjineli bemichiza 

  • Uluhlu lomvuzo: $ 80,000- $ 140,000
  • Amathuba omsebenzi: I-Biotechnologist, injineli yeMichiza, Ingcali yezoMbala, injineli yaMandla, injineli yeNyukliya, injineli yePetroleum, iMveliso/uphuhliso lwenkqubo.

Ubunjineli bemichiza kukusetyenziswa kwenzululwazi yomzimba kunye nemigaqo yobunjineli kwiinkqubo zemichiza.

Iinjineli zemichiza ziyila kwaye zakha izityalo, iifektri, kunye nezinye izixhobo zokuvelisa imichiza, i-fuel, amayeza, izongezo zokutya, izicoci, kunye ne-pulp kunye neemveliso zephepha.

Uninzi lwale misebenzi lukwizixeko ezikhulu njengeHouston okanye kwisiXeko saseNew York apho kukho amathuba amaninzi okusebenza ixesha elongezelelekileyo ukuba ujonge into ebhetyebhetye ngakumbi kunomsebenzi wakho wangoku.

2. Ubunjineli beAerospace

  • Uluhlu lomvuzo: $ 71,000- $ 120,000
  • Amathuba omsebenzi: Umphandi wezemfundo, injineli ye-Aerospace, igcisa le-CAD, injineli yoYilo, umhlohli wemfundo ePhakamileyo, injineli yezoLondolozo, kunye neenkqubo zokuVelisa.

Ubunjineli bendalo licandelo elibandakanya ukuyila, ukwakha, kunye nokuvavanya iinqwelomoya. Oku kunokubandakanya ukuyila yonke isithuthi okanye iindawo zayo nje.

Iinjineli ze-aerospace nazo zisebenza kwiisathelayithi neziphekepheke, ziqeshwe ngoorhulumente namaziko ophando nakumashishini abucala.

Iinjineli ze-aerospace kufuneka zibe nenqanaba eliphezulu lobuchwephesha ukuze zikwazi ukusebenza ngezixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezifana nesoftware yoyilo encediswa yikhompyutha okanye iingalo zerobhothi (ukuba zisebenza kwiinqwelomoya).

Bakwafuna izakhono zonxibelelwano ezigqwesileyo kuba kusenokufuneka banxibelelane namanye amasebe ngaphakathi kwintlangano xa beyila izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe ezifana neefrimu zomoya okanye iinjini.

3. Ubunjineli be-aeronautical

  • Uluhlu lomvuzo: $ 60,000- $ 157,000
  • Amathuba omsebenzi: Injineli yangaphakathi yenqwelomoya, injineli yolwakhiwo lwenqwelomoya, injineli yolondolozo, umqhubi wenqwelomoya okanye abasebenzi basesiphekephekeni, Umlawuli wezothutho zoMoya, igcisa leCAD, injineli yeAeronautical.

Ubunjineli be-Aeronautical lisebe lobunjineli elijongene nokuyila, ulwakhiwo nokufunda iinqwelo-moya.

Iinjineli zeAeronautical zinoxanduva loyilo, ulwakhiwo, kunye novavanyo lwenqwelomoya kunye nezinto zazo.

Intsimi yaqala xa uLeonardo da Vinci wayila imifuziselo ethile eFransi ngowe-1490.

Kungelo xesha awathi waqonda ukuba xa wayenokudala inqwelo-moya enamaphiko afana nalawo afumaneka kwiintaka (ngokwahlukileyo kwiipropellers), kwakuya kuba lula ngakumbi ukubhabha phezu kweenduli kunokusebenzisa amahashe njengepropu.

Inqwelomoya yokuqala eyimpumelelo yenzeka ngo-1783, indoda egama linguBlanchard yabhabha isuka eParis isiya eMoulins isebenzisa i-injini yokutsha yangaphakathi ephenjelelwa butywala (utywala bubuthathaka kunepetroli kodwa busakwazi ukwenza amandla kwishishini lakhe).

Lo ibingunyaka omnye phambi kokuba uCharles enze inkwili yakhe ethathwa njengenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ezakha zaqanjwa ukusukela ngoko.

4. Ubunjineli bobuNtu

  • Uluhlu lomvuzo: $ 87,000- $ 158,000
  • Amathuba omsebenzi: Umhloli wolawulo lwezakhiwo, igcisa le-CAD, Ukucebisana nenjineli yasekuhlaleni, iNjineli yeKhontrakthi yasekuhlaleni, iNjineli yoYilo, iThelekeleli, kunye neNjineli yeNyukliya.

Ubunjineli boluntu licandelo elibanzi lobunjineli elijongene noyilo, ulwakhiwo, kunye nokugcinwa kwendawo engqongileyo ebonakalayo neyendalo.

Inokwahlulwa ngokweendidi ezininzi ezibandakanya ubunjineli bolwakhiwo, ubunjineli bezothutho, kunye nenzululwazi yezixhobo/ubunjineli.

Iinjineli zakwaCivil zinoxanduva lweeprojekthi ukusuka kumadama amakhulu ukuya kwiibhulorho ezihamba phezu kwemilambo kunye noohola bendlela. Iinjineli zoluntu nazo zinokusebenza kumacandelo afana nokucwangciswa kwedolophu, ubunjineli bokusingqongileyo, kunye novavanyo lomhlaba.

Ubunjineli boluntu lolona hlobo ludumileyo lwemisebenzi yobunjineli; eneneni yayiyesihlanu isidanga sekholeji esaziwa kakhulu kubafundi abaphumeleleyo ngo-2016.

Ubunjineli boluntu luqeqesho olubanzi olubandakanya iindlela ezininzi, kubandakanywa ubunjineli bolwakhiwo, ubunjineli bobutyebi bamanzi, kunye nobunjineli be-geotechnical.

Iinjineli ezininzi zasekuhlaleni zisebenza kwiiprojekthi zokwakha ezinjengokwakha iibhulorho, oohola bendlela namadama. Abanye bafunda ngemekobume nendlela yokulawula kakuhle ukuze isetyenziswe ngabantu.

5. Ubunjineli beKhompyutha

  • Uluhlu lomvuzo: $ 92,000- $ 126,000 
  • Amathuba omsebenzi: Umcwangcisi wemultimedia, iNgcali yenkxaso yobuGcisa, umphuhlisi wewebhu, umhlalutyi wekhompyuter yeForensic, umdwelisi weKhompyutha, umphuhlisi weMidlalo, kunye nomhlalutyi weenkqubo zeKhompyutha.

Ubunjineli bokwenza lisebe lobunjineli eligxile kuyilo, ulwakhiwo, nokusebenza kweekhompyutha.

Ubunjineli bekhompyuter lisebe lobunjineli eligxile kuyilo, ulwakhiwo, kunye nokusebenza kweekhompyuter.

Intsimi yobunjineli bekhompyuter ineendawo ezimbini eziphambili: ihardware kunye nesoftware. I-Hardware ibhekisa kumalungu omzimba wenkqubo yekhompyuter, ngelixa isoftware ibhekisa kwiinkqubo ezisebenza kwikhompyuter. Iinjineli zekhompyuter zinoxanduva lokuyila kunye nokuvavanya zombini iindidi zamacandelo.

Iinjineli zekhompyuter zisebenza kumashishini ahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ukwenziwa kwekhompyuter, ukhathalelo lwempilo, kunye ne-aerospace.

Basenokusebenzela ii-arhente zikarhulumente okanye amashishini abucala. Iinjineli zekhompyuter kufuneka zibe nolwazi olomeleleyo lwezibalo, isayensi, kunye netekhnoloji ukuze uphumelele kweli candelo.

6. Ubunjineli boMbane

  • Uluhlu lomvuzo: $ 99,000- $ 132,000
  • Amathuba omsebenzi: Umcebisi we-Acoustic, injineli ye-Aerospace, injineli yoSasazo, i-CAD technician, uLawulo kunye ne-instrumentation engineer, iNjineli yoYilo, kunye neNjineli yoMbane.

Ubunjineli bombane luqeqesho lobunjineli olujongana ngokubanzi nokufunda kunye nokusetyenziswa kombane, umbane, kunye ne-electromagnetism.

Lelinye lawona macandelo adala kwaye abanzi kakhulu ngaphakathi kwezobunjineli, aquka uluhlu olubanzi lwee-subdisciplines ezisebenza kunye ukuhlangabezana neenjongo zayo.

Iinjineli zombane ziyila kwaye zihlalutye uthungelwano lombane, iisekethe, kunye nezixhobo ezifana nezixhobo zombane (iijenereyitha), iinguqu, iintambo zombane (inverters) izixhobo zombane, njl.

Iinjineli zombane nazo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkalo yetekhnoloji yolwazi apho ziphuhlisa izicelo zesoftware yokuqokelela idatha okanye iinkqubo zokucubungula.

7. Ubunjineli Boshishino

  • Uluhlu lomvuzo: $ 84,000- $ 120,000
  • Amathuba omsebenzi: Umphathi wezempilo kunye nokhuseleko emsebenzini, Ubunjineli beNkqubo, injineli esebenzayo yamandla, injineli yokuvelisa, injineli yoMgangatho, injineli yoShishino.

Ubunjineli boShishino lisebe lobunjineli elijongene nokwandisa iinkqubo ezinzima.

Iinjineli zemizi-mveliso zisebenza kumashishini ahlukeneyo abandakanya ukwenziwa kunye nenkonzo, kodwa eyona nto iphambili kugxininiso lwabo kukuphucula iinkqubo ngaphakathi kwala mashishini ukuze asebenze kakuhle. Oku kunokubandakanya izinto ezifana nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemigca yemveliso okanye ukunciphisa inkunkuma kwizityalo zokuvelisa.

Iinjineli zemizi-mveliso zisebenzisa imathematika ukuqonda indlela oomatshini abaziphatha ngayo phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo baze bayile izisombululo zisebenzisa ezo zinto zifunyanisiweyo zisekwe kwiimodeli zemathematika (ezifana nenkqubo yomgca).

Basebenzisa obu buchule ukuphucula umgangatho wemveliso okanye ukwandisa inzuzo ngokwandisa imveliso yemveliso ngelixa benciphisa iindleko ezinxulumene neemfuno zokugcinwa kwezixhobo ezifana nokusetyenziswa kwepetroli / ukuguquguquka kweqondo lokusebenzisa ngenxa yokwanda kwe-thermal / imijikelo yokunciphisa okwenzeka ngexesha ngenxa yokutshintsha kobushushu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwindawo yakho yonke. indawo yangaphakathi yeziko.

8. Ubunjineli boMatshini

  • Uluhlu lomvuzo: $ 85,000- $ 115,000
  • Amathuba omsebenzi: Injineli yeAerospace, injineli yeemoto, ubuchwephesha beCAD, Ikhontrakthi yobunjineli boluntu, Ulawulo kunye nobunjineli bezixhobo, kunye neNjineli yoLondolozo.

Ubunjineli boomatshini licandelo lobunjineli elisebenzisa imigaqo yobunjineli, ifiziksi, kunye nenzululwazi yemathiriyeli kuyilo, uhlalutyo, ukwenziwa kunye nokugcinwa kweenkqubo zoomatshini.

Igubungela uluhlu olubanzi ukusuka kwiyeza ukuya kwitekhnoloji ye-aerospace ukuya kuyilo lweemoto. Iinjineli zobuchwephesha zinokuchwetheza ekuyileni iimveliso ezintsha ezinje ngeemoto okanye izitishi okanye ukuphucula esele ikho njengeenjini zenqwelomoya okanye izixhobo zonyango.

Bakwasebenzisa ezi zakhono kwiiprojekthi zokwakha ezibandakanya:

  • Izixhobo zoomatshini ezifana neempompo, oomatshini boshishino, imibhobho yonikezelo lwamanzi, kunye neebhoyila.
  • Izithuthi zothutho ezifana neenqanawa ezisebenzisa iipropeller ezinkulu kakhulu kwiinqanawa zazo zodwa.
  • Iindlela zokunyusela ezifana nezinyusi ezisetyenziswa kwizakhiwo apho ubunzima bufuneka phezulu kodwa akunyanzelekanga ukuba buxhaswe ngumxhuzulane wodwa (izinyusi).

9. Ubunjineli beemoto

  • Uluhlu lomvuzo: $ 90,000- $ 120,000
  • Amathuba omsebenzi: I-Drafter, iNjineli yezoShishino, iNjineli yeZibonelelo, iNjineli yeeMoto, iMechanic yeBhayisikile, abayili beMoto, abaMechani beMoto, iNjineli yoMgangatho, kunye neNjineli yoYilo loomatshini.

Ubunjineli beemoto luqeqesho olubanzi olwahlulwe lwaba ziindawo ezincinci, kubandakanya i-powertrain, umzimba wesithuthi, kunye ne-chassis, amandla emoto, uyilo kunye nokuvelisa.

Ishishini leemoto lixhomekeke kwiinjineli zeemoto ukuyila iimoto zendlela. Igama elithi “injineli yeemoto” linokusetyenziswa ngokufanayo nelithi “injineli yeemoto.”

Nangona kunjalo, zininzi iiyantlukwano ezibalulekileyo phakathi kobu bugcisa bumbini: Iinjineli zeemoto kufuneka zibe nesidanga se-bachelor kubunjineli bomatshini okanye enye indawo esondeleleneyo efana nesayensi yekhompyuter.

Ngokuqhelekileyo basebenza kwiiprojekthi enye kunokuba basebenze amaqela amakhulu, kwaye bahlala besebenza ixesha elizeleyo ngexesha leeyure zomsebenzi eziqhelekileyo (kunye nexesha elongezelelweyo) kodwa abafumani zibonelelo zempilo kumqeshi wabo ngaphandle kokuba basebenze kwiindima zokuthengisa okanye zentengiso kunezikhundla zobugcisa kuphela.

10. Ubunjineli bePetroleum

  • Uluhlu lomvuzo: $ 120,000- $ 160,000
  • Amathuba omsebenzi: Injineli yoKwemba, iNjineli yeMveliso; INjineli yePetroleum; Injineli yoKwemba ngaphandle konxweme; Injineli yeReservoir, i-Geochemist, umphathi waMandla, kunye nejiyojiji yobuNjineli.

Ubunjineli bePetroleum licandelo lobunjineli elijongene nokuphuhliswa kweendlela ezintsha zokutsalwa kunye nokulungiswa kwe-oyile negesi.

Ukufumaneka kwezi mveliso zimbini kwenza ubunjineli bepetroleum ibe lelinye lamasebe abalulekileyo kulo mmandla.

Iinjineli zepetroleum ziyila kwaye zisebenzise izixhobo ukuze zikhuphe, ziqhube, kwaye zisasaze iimveliso zepetroleum, kubandakanya ulwelo lwerhasi yendalo (NGLs), i-oyile ekrwada, i-condensate, kunye ne-hydrocarbons ekhanyayo ngeenkqubo zemibhobho okanye iitanki zaselwandle.

Bakwabonelela ngeenkonzo zenkxaso kwimisebenzi yokugaya ngokubeka iliso kwiimeko zequla kunye nokufakela izixhobo zokubeka iliso kwi-buildup pressure kunye neminye imiba efana nokwahluka kobushushu obunokukhokelela ekuqhekekeni kwemibhobho okanye iivalvu ngenxa yoxinzelelo olugqithisileyo ngaphakathi kubo.

11. Ubunjineli bebhayiloji

  • Uluhlu lomvuzo: $ 78,000- $ 120,000
  • Amathuba omsebenzi: Umphuhlisi we-Biomaterials, iNjineli yoMveliso, iNzululwazi ye-Biomedical / umphandi, iNjineli yoBuyiselo, umphuhlisi wobuchwephesha bezoNyango, uMfanekiso wezoNyango.

Ubunjineli beBiomedical lisebe lobunjineli elisebenzisa imigaqo yebhayoloji kunye neyeza kuyilo nophuhliso lweenkqubo zobunjineli.

Njengoko intsimi iqhubeka nokukhula, kubalulekile ukuba nemvelaphi eqinileyo kubunjineli bebhayoloji ukuba ufuna ukuhlala ufanelekile kwihlabathi lanamhlanje.

Iinjineli zeBiomedical zinokusebenza kwicandelo lezixhobo zonyango, ukuxilongwa, kunye nokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo.

Bakwanceda ukuphuhlisa unyango olutsha lwezifo ezifana nomhlaza okanye isifo se-Alzheimer ngophando kwiiseli zabantu (in vitro) okanye imodeli yezilwanyana (in vivo).

12. Ubunjineli bonxibelelwano ngocingo

  • Uluhlu lomvuzo: $ 60,000- $ 130,000
  • Amathuba omsebenzi: Inethiwekhi/umyili welifu, umlawuli wokhuseleko lweenkqubo zolwazi, Umyili wedatha, uMphathi weeNkqubo zoNxibelelwano, uMfaki weLayini, kunye nengcali yoNxibelelwano.

Ubunjineli bonxibelelwano kusetyenziso lwemigaqo yobunjineli kunxibelelwano lwezonxibelelwano.

Iinjineli zonxibelelwano zinoxanduva lokuyila, ukuphuhlisa, nokugcina iinkqubo zonxibelelwano ngefowuni.

Basenokuba noxanduva lokufakela nokugcina izixhobo zokusebenza.

Iinjineli zonxibelelwano zinokusebenza kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya:

  • Unxibelelwano olungenazingcingo, olubandakanya iifowuni eziphathwayo kunye noqhagamshelo lwe-intanethi olungenazingcingo.
  • Unxibelelwano ngocingo, olubandakanya iifowuni zasekhaya kunye neentambo zefiber optic.
  • Uthungelwano lweTelecommunications lubandakanya ukuyilwa nokuphunyezwa kothungelwano lweekhompyutha (ezifana nezo zisetyenziswa ngamaqumrhu).

13. Ubunjineli beNyukliya

  • Uluhlu lomvuzo: $ 85,000- $ 120,000
  • Amathuba omsebenzi: Ubuchwephesha bobuNjineli, iNjineli yeNyukliya, iNjineli yoMveliso, injineli yeProjekthi, injineli yoVavanyo, iNjineli yoPhando, iNjineli yeeNkqubo, umqhubi weplanti yaMandla, kunye neNjineli eyiNtloko.

Ubunjineli beNyukliya lisebe lobunjineli elijongene nokuyila, ukwakhiwa, nokusebenza kwezixhobo zenyukliya, kwakunye nokusetyenziswa kwemitha kumayeza, kushishino nakuphando.

Iinjineli zenyukliya zibandakanyeka kuluhlu olubanzi lwemisebenzi ukusuka ekuyileni amaziko amandla enyukliya ukuya ekusebenzeni kwawo.

Kukwabalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba zininzi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeenjineli zenyukliya ezisebenza kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kweli candelo:

  • Iingcali zefiziksi zereactor
  • Iikhemisti zeReactor
  • Abayili bamafutha
  • Iingcali zezixhobo (umz., izivamvo)
  • Abasebenzi bokhuseleko/abahloli/abaLawuli
  • Izazinzulu ngezinto (ezisebenza ngokulahlwa kwenkunkuma yenyukliya).

14. Ubunjineli bezinto eziphathekayo 

  • Uluhlu lomvuzo: $ 72,000- $ 200,000
  • Amathuba omsebenzi: Ubuchwephesha beCAD, injineli yoYilo, iNjineli yeMpahla, iMetallurgist, iMveliso/inzululwazi yophuhliso lwenkqubo, kunye nenzululwazi yoPhando.

Izinto eziphathekayo zizinto ezenziwe ngazo izinto. Zikwasetyenziselwa ukwenza zonke izinto ezisehlabathini lethu, kubandakanya abantu kunye nezakhiwo.

Kubunjineli bezinto eziphathekayo, uya kufunda indlela yokufunda imathiriyeli kumgangatho wemicroscopic kwaye uqonde indlela eziziphatha ngayo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.

Le khosi iya kukufundisa malunga neepropathi zetsimbi njengentsimbi kunye ne-aluminiyam kunye nezinto ezihlanganisiweyo ezifana nomthi okanye iplastiki.

Iya kukunika ukuqonda malunga nokuba ezi mathiriyeli zisebenzisana njani kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo ezinjengeemoto okanye iinqwelomoya.

15. Ubunjineli beSoftware

  • Uluhlu lomvuzo: $ 63,000- $ 131,000
  • Amathuba omsebenzi: Umphuhlisi wezicelo, umhlalutyi wokhuseleko lwe-Cyber, umphuhlisi weMidlalo, umlawuli weenkqubo zoLwazi, umcebisi we-IT, umdwelisi we-Multimedia, kunye nomphuhlisi weWeb.

Ubunjineli beSoftware kusetyenziso lobunjineli kuphuhliso lwesoftware.

Igama elithi "ubunjineli besoftware" yaqala ukusetyenziswa kwi-1959 yinjineli yaseMelika kunye nomlobi wezobuchwephesha uWillard V. Swann, owabhala inqaku le-IEEE Transactions kwiSoftware Engineering enesihloko esithi "Software Engineering Reflections".

Ubunjineli beSoftware bujongene noyilo, uphuhliso, kunye novavanyo lwesoftware.

Ibandakanya imiba yesayensi yekhompyuter kunye namanye amacandelo anjengemathematika kunye neelwimi, kodwa ikwatsala kakhulu kwiindlela ezisuka kwezinye isayensi kubandakanya isayikholoji, izibalo, uqoqosho, kunye nentlalontle.

16. Ubunjineli beRobhothi

  • Uluhlu lomvuzo: $ 78,000- $ 130,000
  • Amathuba omsebenzi: Ilawula injineli, umyili weCAD, injineli yoomatshini, injineli yokuvelisa, iNjineli yeHydraulic, iNjineli yoYilo, kunye neNzululwazi yeDatha.

Ubunjineli beRobhothi lisebe lobunjineli eligxile kuyilo, ulwakhiwo, kunye nokusebenza kweerobhothi.

Ikwasetyenziswa kuphando kunye nophuhliso, ukwenziwa, kunye nokuhlola indawo.

Iinjineli zerobhothi ziyila iirobhothi ukwenza imisebenzi ethile efana nokuqokelela idatha okanye ukunceda abantu benze imisebenzi enzima kakhulu okanye eyingozi kubo bodwa.

Iirobhothi zingasetyenziswa kukhathalelo lwempilo (i-e-health) kunye neshishini, zikwavavanywa emajukujukwini angaphandle kuba kungalula ukuthumela abantu phaya phezulu ukuba banokuncedwa ziirobhothi endaweni yabantu.

17. Ubunjineli beJoloji

  • Uluhlu lomvuzo: $ 81,000- $ 122,000
  • Amathuba omsebenzi: Injineli yokomba, injineli yaMandla, injineli yokusiNgqongileyo, umhloli weziMbiwa, umphathi weQuarry, kunye nomcebisi woZinzo.

I-Geology yinzululwazi ebanzi egxile ekubunjweni, kwisakhiwo, kunye nendaleko yemathiriyeli ye-crustal Earth.

Iinjineli zokwakheka komhlaba zisebenzisa olu lwazi ukuyila izakhiwo, iibhulorho, kunye nezinye izakhiwo ukuze zihlangabezane neemfuno zabantu.

Iinjineli zeJoloji zinokuqhuba umsebenzi kwiindawo ezikude, rhoqo kwiimeko ezimandundu kunye nemozulu.

Basenokusebenza kumgodi wamalahle okanye kwindawo yequla le-oyile apho kufuneka bacwangcise iindlela zokuhlola umphezulu ongaphantsi komhlaba ezifana nokugrumba ematyeni anemithombo yendalo exabisekileyo (enjenge-oyile) okanye imichiza eyingozi (enjengegesi).

18. Ubunjineli bezoLimo

  • Uluhlu lomvuzo: $ 68,000- $ 122,000
  • Amathuba omsebenzi: Injineli yemveliso yezolimo, injineli yophando lwezoLimo, injineli yeBiosystems, injineli yoLondolozo, ingcaphephe yezoLimo, kunye neGcisa loMhlaba.

Ubunjineli bezoLimo kukusetyenziswa kwemigaqo yobunjineli kuyilo, ulwakhiwo, kunye nokusebenza koomatshini bezolimo, iinkqubo zokunkcenkceshela, izakhiwo zasefama, kunye neendawo zokusetyenzwa.

Iinjineli zezoLimo zikwabizwa ngokuba “ziinjineli zasefama” okanye “oomatshini bezolimo”.

Iinjineli zezolimo ziphuhlisa ubuchwephesha obukwinqanaba eliphezulu ukuze amafama enze izityalo zawo zikhule ngokukhawuleza okanye ngcono.

Bafunda ngendlela izilwanyana ezinokutyiswa ngayo ngokufanelekileyo ukuze kubekho ukutya okwaneleyo kumntu wonke.

Basenokusebenza ngeendlela ezintsha ezingawasebenzisi kwaphela amanzi endaweni yokuwasebenzisa kuphela xa efuneka (njengezitshizi).

19. Ubunjineli beNkqubo

  • Uluhlu lomvuzo: $ 97,000- $ 116,000 
  • Amathuba omsebenzi: Umlawuli weNethiwekhi, iNjineli yeSoftware yaBasebenzi, iNjineli yeeNkqubo, uMlawuli wezobuGcisa, injineli yeenkqubo zeMishini, kunye noMyili weMveliso.

Ubunjineli beNkqubo luqeqesho olujolise kuyilo nophuhliso lweenkqubo, kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwamacandelo kwezi nkqubo.

Ubunjineli beNkqubo yindibaniselwano yezinye iinkalo ezininzi ezibandakanya oomatshini, umbane, iikhemikhali, ubunjineli boluntu, kunye nobunjineli besoftware.

Iinjineli zenkqubo zithatha iiprojekthi ezibandakanya iinkqubo ezinzima apho ubugcisa obahlukeneyo kufuneka zidityaniswe kunye ukwenza imveliso okanye inkonzo iyonke.

Banokusebenza nezinye iinjineli kwimisebenzi ethile efana noyilo lwehardware okanye inkqubo yesoftware kodwa kufuneka baqonde ukuba ezi zinto zisebenza njani kwindawo yazo ukuze basebenzise iindlela ezifanelekileyo ezisekelwe kuloo mava.

20. Ubunjineli bendalo esingqongileyo

  • Uluhlu lomvuzo: $ 60,000- $ 110,000
  • Amathuba omsebenzi: Umanejala weprojekthi yamanzi, iNjineli yokusiNgqongileyo, umlawuli wezempilo nokukhuseleka kokusiNgqongileyo, ingcali yokuthotyelwa kokusiNgqongileyo, umhloli womhlaba, kunye nomsebenzisi weplanti yokucocwa kwamanzi.

Ubunjineli bokusingqongileyo licandelo lobunjineli boluntu elijongene nolungiso lweendawo ezingcolisekileyo, uyilo lweziseko zophuhliso zikamasipala, kunye nophuhliso lwemithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo.

Iinjineli zokusingqongileyo zisebenzela ukukhusela impilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo ngokubonelela ngezisombululo ezisebenzayo zokulawula imiba yenkunkuma ngaphakathi kwintsimi yabo.

Iinjineli zokusingqongileyo zihlala zisebenzisa isoftware ye-3D yemodeli efana ne-Autocad okanye iSolidWorks ukwenza iimodeli zeenkqubo zabo ezicetywayo ngaphambi kokuba zakhiwe ngokwenyani.

Bakwalungiselela neengxelo malunga neengxaki ezinokubakho zongcoliseko ezinokuthi zenzeke kwezi nkqubo ngokusebenzisa iinkcukacha ezisuka kwiiprojekthi zangaphambili kwakunye neenkcukacha-manani zangoku malunga nomgangatho womoya kwiindawo ezithile apho ziza kube zibekwe khona (umzekelo kwisiXeko saseNew York).

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho:

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwesidanga sobunjineli kunye nesidanga sesayensi yekhompyuter?

Kwinqanaba labo elisisiseko, inkqubo yobunjineli igxile ekusombululeni iingxaki ngelixa inkqubo yesayensi yekhompyuter igxile kwizakhono zokucwangcisa.

Zeziphi izakhono ekufuneka ndibenazo kwikhondo lobuNjineli?

Kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwenjineli ofuna ukuba yiyo. Ezinye izikhundla zifuna ulwazi olukhethekileyo olunokuthi lungabi luncedo kwezinye iindima. Ngokubanzi, nangona kunjalo, kuya kufuneka ube nezakhono ezomeleleyo zezibalo kunye nesayensi kunye namava enkqubo yekhompyuter kunye nobuchule obubalaseleyo bokubhala.

Yintoni eyenza iNjineli Elungileyo?

Iinjineli zenza umhlaba ube yindawo engcono ngokusombulula iingxaki kunye nokuyila izisombululo. Iinjineli zisebenzisa izibalo, inzululwazi, uyilo, kunye nobuchule bokufumana izisombululo ezikhuselekileyo, ezithembekileyo, ezisebenzayo, ezizinzileyo nezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo. Bayabuza Ukuba? kakhulu kwaye emva koko bayile izimvo zabo okanye abayilwayo ukuze basebenze kakuhle kwihlabathi lokwenyani.

Zenza Ntoni Iinjineli?

Iinjineli zinoxanduva lokuyila, ukwenza, kunye nokugcina zonke iintlobo zeemveliso. Basebenza kuyo yonke into ukusuka kwizityalo zokunyanga amanzi ukuya kwiijethi zokulwa. Iinjineli zidinga uqeqesho oluninzi kwizibalo nakwisayensi, ngoko ke ngokwesiqhelo ziya ekholejini nakwizidanga zesikolo ngaphambi kokuba zisebenze kweli candelo. Iinjineli zikwafuna ubuchule bokuyila, kuba zihlala zicinga iindlela ezintsha zokusombulula iingxaki okanye ukuyila iimveliso ezintsha.

Sincoma kwakhona:

Isiphelo:

Ikamva lobunjineli liqaqambile. Namhlanje, abafundi bobunjineli balandela imisebenzi kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo kwaye bafumana umvuzo omkhulu.

Ubunjineli yintsimi enkulu ekufuneka ilandelwe. Namhlanje, unokufumana imali entle ngokwenza into oyithandayo.

Siyathemba ukuba eli nqaku likuncede ekukhanyiseleni iinjongo zakho zekhondo lomsebenzi kwaye zeziphi izifundo ezinokuthi zifane nazo.

ezinxulumene namabinzanaEZINYE FROM AUTHOR