Izifundo Ezinhle Kakhulu Zobunjiniyela ezingama-20

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Ukukhetha izifundo ezinhle kakhulu zobunjiniyela ongazithatha kungaba enye yezingxenye ezinzima kakhulu zokunquma ukuthi yini ofuna ukuyifunda ekolishi noma enyuvesi.

Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi yiziphi izifundo zobunjiniyela okufanele uzithathe, ungakhathazeki! Onjiniyela badingeka kakhulu kulezi zinsuku futhi bangenza imali enhle kakhulu, izindlela eziningi ezahlukene zomsebenzi zikuvulekele ngokuya ngamakhono akho nezinto ozikhethayo.

Lezi zifundo ezingu-20 ezilandelayo zobunjiniyela zinikeza ulwazi oluhle kakhulu oluyisisekelo kanye namathuba emisebenzi ahlukile emkhakheni wobunjiniyela.

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokunquma ukuthi isiphi isifundo sobunjiniyela okufanele usithathe ngokulandelayo ukucabangela ikhondo lomsebenzi ofuna ukulilandela ngokucophelela, bese ukhetha isifundo esisodwa kwezilandelayo ezingu-20 zobunjiniyela ezifanele leyo ndlela kangcono!

Liyini ikusasa Lobunjiniyela?

Engineering iwumkhakha obanzi ohlanganisa izindawo eziningi kanye nezicelo. Kunamathuba amaningi ochwepheshe bonjiniyela esikhathini esizayo.

Isidingo sonjiniyela sizoqhubeka nokukhula ngokuzayo, ngakho-ke kufanele ucabangele ukuthola iziqu zobunjiniyela uma ufuna ukusebenza kulo mkhakha.

Ubunjiniyela yinkambu ebanzi ehlanganisa izindawo eziningi nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Kunamathuba amaningi ochwepheshe bonjiniyela esikhathini esizayo.

Isidingo sonjiniyela sizoqhubeka nokukhula ngokuzayo, ngakho-ke kufanele ucabangele ukuthola iziqu zobunjiniyela uma ufuna ukusebenza kulo mkhakha.

Kuyohlale kunesidingo sonjiniyela inqobo nje uma ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuthuthuka. Isidingo sonjiniyela sizokhuphuka ngenxa yokwanda kwabantu.

Njengoba umhlaba wethu ugcwala kakhulu futhi sakha amadolobha, kuzoba nesidingo esikhulu sonjiniyela abangaklama izakhiwo eziphephile, ezisebenza kahle ezihlangabezana nezidingo zabantu abahlala kulezi zindawo.

Ukuthola Ulwazi Lobunjiniyela Namakhono

Ubunjiniyela ngumsebenzi oyinselele, kodwa ovuza kakhulu. Ikusasa lobunjiniyela libukeka liqhakazile futhi lithembisa.

Ngokukhula kobuchwepheshe obusha kanye nokuqanjwa kwesayensi, ubuchwepheshe, ubunjiniyela, kanye nezibalo (STEM), abantu abaningi baba nentshisekelo yokuphishekela imisebenzi kulo mkhakha.

Isidingo sonjiniyela sinyukile ngokuhamba kweminyaka ngenxa yamakhono abo adingwa amabhizinisi ahlukahlukene ukuze axazulule izinkinga ezihlobene nezinqubo zokukhiqiza noma imisebenzi yokunakekela edinga ulwazi lobuchwepheshe nobungcweti.

Ngokuqeqeshwa nemfundo efanele, ungaba unjiniyela. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zezinkambu zobunjiniyela, njengezomphakathi, ezomshini, nezikagesi.

Inkambu ngayinye idinga isethi ehlukile yamakhono nolwazi ukuze uphumelele emsebenzini wakho.

Uhlu lwe Izifundo Ezinhle Kakhulu Zobunjiniyela ezingama-20

Ngezansi kunohlu lwezifundo ezingcono kakhulu zobunjiniyela ezingama-20:

Izifundo Ezinhle Kakhulu Zobunjiniyela ezingama-20

1. Ubunjiniyela Bamakhemikhali 

  • Ibanga lomholo: $ 80,000- $ 140,000
  • Amathuba emisebenzi: I-Biotechnologist, unjiniyela wamakhemikhali, uchwepheshe bemibala, unjiniyela wamandla, unjiniyela weNuclear, unjiniyela wePetroleum, ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo/inqubo.

Ubunjiniyela bamakhemikhali ukusetshenziswa kwezimiso zesayensi yemvelo kanye nezimiso zobunjiniyela ezinqubweni zamakhemikhali.

Onjiniyela bamakhemikhali baklama futhi bakhe izitshalo, izimboni, nezinye izinto zokusebenza zokukhiqiza amakhemikhali, uphethiloli, imithi, izithasiselo zokudla, okokuhlanza, kanye nemikhiqizo yephepha.

Iningi lale misebenzi litholakala emadolobheni amakhulu njenge-Houston noma i-New York City lapho kunamathuba amaningi okusebenza isikhathi esengeziwe uma ufuna okuthile okuguquguqukayo kunomsebenzi wakho wamanje.

2. Ubunjiniyela Be-Aerospace

  • Ibanga lomholo: $ 71,000- $ 120,000
  • Amathuba emisebenzi: Umcwaningi wezemfundo, unjiniyela we-Aerospace, uchwepheshe we-CAD, unjiniyela wokuklama, umfundisi wezeMfundo Ephakeme, Unjiniyela Wezokulungisa, kanye nezinhlelo Zokukhiqiza.

Ubunikazi be-aerospace iwumkhakha ohlanganisa ukuklama, ukwakha, nokuhlola izindiza. Lokhu kungahlanganisa ukuklama yonke imoto noma izingxenye zayo nje.

Onjiniyela bezindiza baphinde basebenze kumasathelayithi nemikhumbi-mkhathi, baqashwe ohulumeni nezikhungo zocwaningo kanye nasembonini ezimele.

Onjiniyela be-Aerospace kufanele babe nezinga eliphezulu lobuchwepheshe ukuze bakwazi ukusebenza ngezinto ezihlukahlukene ezifana nesofthiwe yokuklama esizwa ikhompuyutha noma izingalo zamarobhothi (uma besebenza ezindizeni).

Badinga namakhono amahle kakhulu okuxhumana ngoba kungase kudingeke baxhumane neminye iminyango ngaphakathi kwenhlangano lapho beklama izinto zobuchwepheshe obusha njengama-airframe noma izinjini.

3. Ubunjiniyela bezindiza

  • Ibanga lomholo: $ 60,000- $ 157,000
  • Amathuba emisebenzi: Unjiniyela wezangaphakathi zendiza, Unjiniyela wesakhiwo sendiza, unjiniyela wezokulungisa, umshayeli wendiza noma izisebenzi zasemkhathini, Isilawuli sethrafikhi yasemoyeni, uchwepheshe we-CAD, unjiniyela we-Aeronautical.

Ubunjiniyela bezemvelo igatsha lobunjiniyela elibhekene nokuklama, ukwakhiwa, nokufunda izindiza.

Onjiniyela bezindiza banomthwalo wemfanelo wokuklama, ukwakhiwa, nokuhlola indiza kanye nezingxenye zazo.

Lo mkhakha waqala lapho uLeonardo da Vinci eklama amamodeli athile eFrance ngo-1490.

Kungaleso sikhathi lapho aqaphela khona ukuthi uma engadala indiza enamaphiko afana nalawo atholakala ezinyonini (ngokungafani nama-propeller), kwakuyoba lula kakhulu ukundiza phezu kwamagquma kunokusebenzisa amahhashi njengendlela yokushayela.

Indiza yokuqala eyaba yimpumelelo yenzeka ngo-1783, indoda okuthiwa uBlanchard yandiza isuka eParis iya eMoulins isebenzisa injini evuthayo yangaphakathi ephehlwa utshwala (utshwala bubuthakathaka kunophethiloli kodwa isakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wayo wezandla).

Lokhu futhi kwaba unyaka owodwa ngaphambi kokuthi uCharles asungule umkhumbi-ngwenya wakhe othathwe njengenye yezinto eziqanjiwe ezibaluleke kakhulu ezake zenziwa kusukela lapho.

4. Ubunjiniyela Bombuso

  • Ibanga lomholo: $ 87,000- $ 158,000
  • Amathuba emisebenzi: Umhloli wokulawula izakhiwo, uchwepheshe we-CAD, Unjiniyela Womphakathi Obonisana, Unjiniyela Womphakathi Oyinkontileka, Unjiniyela Wokuklama, Isilinganiso, kanye nonjiniyela Wenuzi.

Ubunjiniyela bomphakathi wumkhakha obanzi wobunjiniyela obhekene nokuklama, ukwakhiwa, kanye nokugcinwa kwemvelo eyakhiwe ngokwemvelo.

Ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbalwa ezihlanganisa ubunjiniyela besakhiwo, ubunjiniyela bezokuthutha, kanye nesayensi yezinto zokwakha/ubunjiniyela.

Onjiniyela bezokwakha banesibopho samaphrojekthi asukela emadamini amakhulu kuya kumabhuloho ezinyawo phezu kwemifula nemigwaqo emikhulu. Onjiniyela bomphakathi bangasebenza emikhakheni efana nokuhlela amadolobha, ubunjiniyela bezemvelo, kanye nokuhlola umhlaba.

Ubunjiniyela bomphakathi bungenye yezinhlobo ezidume kakhulu zemisebenzi yobunjiniyela; ngempela bekuyidigri yesihlanu ethandwa kakhulu ekolishi kwabathweswe iziqu ngo-2016.

Ubunjiniyela bomphakathi wumkhakha obanzi ohlanganisa imikhakha emincane eminingi, okuhlanganisa ubunjiniyela besakhiwo, ubunjiniyela bezinsiza zamanzi, nobunjiniyela be-geotechnical.

Onjiniyela abaningi bomphakathi basebenza emisebenzini yokwakha efana nokwakha amabhuloho, imigwaqo emikhulu namadamu. Abanye bafunda indawo ezungezile nendlela yokuphatha kangcono ukuze isetshenziswe abantu.

5. Ubunjiniyela bekhompyutha

  • Ibanga lomholo: $ 92,000- $ 126,000 
  • Amathuba emisebenzi: Umhleli we-Multimedia, Uchwepheshe wosekelo lobuchwepheshe, Umthuthukisi Wewebhu, Umhlaziyi wekhompyutha we-Forensic, Umklami wekhompyutha, Umthuthukisi wegeyimu, kanye nomhlaziyi wezinhlelo zeKhompyutha.

Ubunikazi bekhompyutha igatsha lobunjiniyela eligxile ekwakhiweni, ekwakhiweni nasekusebenzeni kwamakhompyutha.

Ubunjiniyela bekhompyutha igatsha lobunjiniyela eligxile ekwakhiweni, ekwakhiweni nasekusebenzeni kwamakhompyutha.

Umkhakha wobunjiniyela bamakhompiyutha unezindawo ezimbili eziyinhloko: ihadiwe nesoftware. Izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha zibhekisela ezingxenyeni ezibonakalayo zesistimu yekhompyutha, kuyilapho isofthiwe ibhekisela ezinhlelweni ezisebenza kukhompuyutha. Onjiniyela bamakhompyutha banesibopho sokuklama nokuhlola zombili izinhlobo zezingxenye.

Onjiniyela bamakhompiyutha basebenza ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene, okubandakanya ukukhiqiza amakhompiyutha, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, kanye ne-aerospace.

Bangase futhi basebenzele ama-ejensi kahulumeni noma amabhizinisi azimele. Onjiniyela bamakhompyutha kumele babe nolwazi oluqinile lwezibalo, isayensi, nobuchwepheshe ukuze baphumelele kulo mkhakha.

6. Ubunjiniyela bogesi

  • Ibanga lomholo: $ 99,000- $ 132,000
  • Amathuba emisebenzi: Umeluleki we-Acoustic, unjiniyela we-Aerospace, unjiniyela wokusakaza, uchwepheshe we-CAD, unjiniyela wokulawula nezinsimbi, Unjiniyela Womklamo, kanye nonjiniyela kagesi.

Ubunjiniyela bakagesi isiyalo sobunjiniyela ngokuvamile esibhekene nocwaningo kanye nokusetshenziswa kukagesi, ugesi, kanye nozibuthe kagesi.

Ingenye yemikhakha emidala futhi ebanzi kakhulu ngaphakathi kwezobunjiniyela, ehlanganisa inhlobonhlobo yemikhakha engaphansi esebenza ndawonye ukufeza izinhloso zayo.

Onjiniyela bakagesi baklama futhi bahlaziye amanethiwekhi kagesi, amasekhethi, namadivayisi afana nezitshalo zamandla (amajeneretha), ama-transformer, izintambo zikagesi (ama-inverter) izinto zikagesi, njll.

Onjiniyela bakagesi nabo badlala indima ebalulekile emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe bolwazi lapho bathuthukisa khona izinhlelo zokusebenza zesoftware zokuqoqwa kwedatha noma izinhlelo zokucubungula.

7. Ubunjiniyela Bezimboni

  • Ibanga lomholo: $ 84,000- $ 120,000
  • Amathuba emisebenzi: Umphathi wezempilo nokuphepha emsebenzini, unjiniyela wezinqubo, unjiniyela osebenza kahle kakhulu, unjiniyela wokukhiqiza, unjiniyela wekhwalithi, unjiniyela wezimboni.

I-Industrial Engineering igatsha lobunjiniyela elibhekene nokwenza kahle kwezinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Onjiniyela bezimboni basebenza ezimbonini ezehlukene ezihlanganisa ezokukhiqiza kanye nezinsiza, kodwa ukugxila kwabo okuyinhloko kusekwengezeni izinqubo ezingaphakathi kwalezi zimboni ukuze zisebenze kahle. Lokhu kungabandakanya izinto ezifana nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kwemigqa yokukhiqiza noma ukunciphisa udoti ezimbonini zokukhiqiza.

Onjiniyela bezimboni basebenzisa izibalo ukuze baqonde indlela imishini eziphatha ngayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene bese beklama izixazululo besebenzisa lokho okutholakele ngokusekelwe kumamodeli ezibalo (njengokuhlela ngomugqa).

Basebenzisa lezi zindlela ukuze bathuthukise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo noma bakhuphule inzuzo ngokwandisa umkhiqizo ngenkathi benciphisa izindleko ezihlobene nezidingo zokugcinwa kwemishini njengokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli/ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokusetshenziswa ngenxa yemijikelezo yokwanda/yokuncipha kwezinga lokushisa eyenzeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene phakathi nendawo yakho. imvelo yangaphakathi yesikhungo.

8. Ubunjiniyela beMishini

  • Ibanga lomholo: $ 85,000- $ 115,000
  • Amathuba emisebenzi: Unjiniyela we-Aerospace, unjiniyela wezimoto, uchwepheshe we-CAD, unjiniyela womphakathi oyinkontileka, Unjiniyela wokulawula kanye nezinsimbi, kanye nonjiniyela wesondlo.

Ubunjiniyela bemishini buwumkhakha wobunjiniyela osebenzisa izimiso zobunjiniyela, i-physics, nesayensi yezinto zokwakha ukuze kuklanywe, kuhlaziywe, kukhiqizwe, kugcinwe futhi kugcinwe izinhlelo zemishini.

Ihlanganisa uhla olubanzi ukusuka kwezokwelapha kuye kubuchwepheshe be-aerospace kuye kumklamo wezimoto. Onjiniyela bemishini bangase baqeqeshelwe ukuklama imikhiqizo emisha njengezimoto noma izitimela noma ukuthuthukisa ekhona njengezinjini zezindiza noma imishini yezokwelapha.

Baphinde basebenzise lawa makhono kumaphrojekthi wokwakha ahlanganisa:

  • Imishini kagesi njengamaphampu, imishini yezimboni, amapayipi okuhambisa amanzi, namabhayela.
  • Izimoto zokuthutha ezifana nemikhumbi esebenzisa ophephela abakhulu kakhulu kuma-hull azo kuphela.
  • Izindlela zokuphakamisa njengamakheshi asetshenziswa ezakhiweni lapho isisindo sidingeka phezulu kodwa angasekelwa amandla adonsela phansi kuphela (amakheshi).

9. Ubunjiniyela Bezimoto

  • Ibanga lomholo: $ 90,000- $ 120,000
  • Amathuba emisebenzi: I-Drafter, Unjiniyela Wezimboni, Unjiniyela Wezinto Zokusebenza, Uchwepheshe Wezimoto, Umakhenikha Webhayisikili, Abaklami Bezimoto, Umakhenikha Wezimoto, Unjiniyela Wekhwalithi, kanye Nonjiniyela Wokuklama Mechanical.

Ubunjiniyela bezimoto isiyalo esibanzi esihlukaniswe izizinda ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa i-powertrain, indikimba yemoto, kanye ne-chassis, amandla emoto, idizayini, kanye nokukhiqiza.

Imboni yezimoto ithembele konjiniyela bezimoto ukuthi bakhe izimoto zomgwaqo. Igama elithi “unjiniyela wezimoto” lingase lisetshenziswe ngendlela efanayo nelithi “unjiniyela wezimoto.”

Kodwa-ke, kunomehluko omningi obalulekile phakathi kwale misebenzi emibili: Onjiniyela bezimoto kumele babe neziqu ze-bachelor's engineering mechanical noma enye indawo ehlobene eduze njenge-computer science.

Ngokuvamile basebenza kumaphrojekthi owodwa esikhundleni samaqembu amakhulu, futhi ngokuvamile basebenza isikhathi esigcwele phakathi namahora avamile ebhizinisi (ngisho nesikhathi esengeziwe) kodwa abazitholi izinzuzo zezempilo kumqashi wabo ngaphandle uma besebenza ezindimeni zokuthengisa noma zokumaketha esikhundleni sezikhundla zobuchwepheshe kuphela.

10. Ubunjiniyela bePetroleum

  • Ibanga lomholo: $ 120,000- $ 160,000
  • Amathuba emisebenzi: Unjiniyela Wokubhoboza, Unjiniyela Wokukhiqiza; Unjiniyela Kaphethiloli; I-Offshore Drilling Engineer; I-Reservoir Engineer, i-Geochemist, imenenja yamandla, kanye nesazi sokuma komhlaba sobunjiniyela.

I-Petroleum Engineering iwumkhakha wobunjiniyela ophathelene nokuthuthukiswa kwezindlela ezintsha zokukhipha nokucubungula uwoyela negesi.

Ukutholakala kwalezi zimpahla ezimbili kwenza ubunjiniyela be-petroleum babe ngelinye lamagatsha abaluleke kakhulu kulo mkhakha.

Onjiniyela be-petroleum baklama futhi basebenzise amathuluzi ukuze kukhishwe, kucutshungulwe, futhi kusabalaliswe imikhiqizo kaphethiloli, okuhlanganisa uketshezi lwegesi yemvelo (NGLs), uwoyela ongahluziwe, ama-condensate, nama-hydrocarbon alula ngezinhlelo zamapayipi noma amathangi olwandle.

Baphinde bahlinzeke ngezinsizakalo zokusekela ekusebenzeni kokumba ngokuqapha izimo zemithombo kanye nokufaka amathuluzi okuqapha ukukhuphuka komfutho kanye nezinye izici ezifana nokuhluka kwezinga lokushisa okungaholela ekuqhekekeni kwamapayipi noma ama-valve ngenxa yokuqina kokucindezela okukhulu ngaphakathi kwawo.

11. I-Biomedical Engineering

  • Ibanga lomholo: $ 78,000- $ 120,000
  • Amathuba emisebenzi: Unjiniyela Wezinto Eziphilayo, Unjiniyela Wokukhiqiza, Usosayensi/Umcwaningi we-Biomedical, Unjiniyela Wokuvuselela, Umthuthukisi wobuchwepheshe bezokwelapha, Ukufanekisa Kwezokwelapha.

Ubunjiniyela be-Biomedical igatsha lobunjiniyela elisebenzisa izimiso zebhayoloji nemithi ekwakhiweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezinhlelo zobunjiniyela.

Njengoba inkambu iqhubeka ikhula, kubalulekile ukuba nesizinda esiqinile kunjiniyela we-biomedical uma ufuna ukuhlala ubalulekile emhlabeni wanamuhla.

Onjiniyela be-Biomedical bangasebenza emkhakheni wemishini yezokwelapha, ukuxilonga, nokuvuselela.

Ziphinde zisize ukuthuthukisa izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha zezifo ezinjengomdlavuza noma isifo se-Alzheimer ngocwaningo lwamaseli omuntu (in vitro) noma amamodeli ezilwane (in vivo).

12. Ubunjiniyela Bezokuxhumana

  • Ibanga lomholo: $ 60,000- $ 130,000
  • Amathuba emisebenzi: Umakhi wenethiwekhi/amafu, Umphathi wezokuphepha wezinhlelo zolwazi, Umakhi wedatha, Umphathi Wezinhlelo Zezokuxhumana, Isifaki Ulayini, kanye nochwepheshe Wezokuxhumana.

Ubunjiniyela bezokuxhumana ukusetshenziswa kwezimiso zobunjiniyela kwezokuxhumana ngocingo.

Onjiniyela bezokuxhumana banesibopho sokuklama, ukuthuthukiswa, nokugcinwa kwezinhlelo zokuxhumana ngocingo.

Bangase futhi babe nesibopho sokufakwa nokugcinwa kwemishini.

Onjiniyela bezokuxhumana bangasebenza emikhakheni eyahlukene, okuhlanganisa:

  • Ukuxhumana okungenantambo, okuhlanganisa omakhalekhukhwini nokuxhumeka kwe-inthanethi okungenantambo.
  • Ukuxhumana ngocingo, okuhlanganisa amafoni asendlini namakhebula e-fiber optic.
  • Inethiwekhi yezokuxhumana ibandakanya ukuklama nokusebenzisa amanethiwekhi ekhompyutha (njengalawo asetshenziswa izinkampani).

13. Ubunjiniyela Benuzi

  • Ibanga lomholo: $ 85,000- $ 120,000
  • Amathuba emisebenzi: Unjiniyela Wezobunjiniyela, Unjiniyela Wenuzi, Unjiniyela Wezokukhiqiza, Unjiniyela Wephrojekthi, Unjiniyela Wokuhlola, Unjiniyela Wocwaningo, Unjiniyela Wezinhlelo, U-opharetha wezitshalo zamandla, kanye nonjiniyela Oyinhloko.

Ubunjiniyela beNyukliya igatsha lobunjiniyela elibhekene nokuklama, ukwakhiwa, nokusebenza kweziphehlimandla zenuzi, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemisebe kwezokwelapha, ezimbonini, nasocwaningweni.

Onjiniyela benuzi babandakanyeka emisebenzini eyahlukene kusukela ekwakhiweni kwezikhungo zamandla enuzi kuya ekusetshenzisweni kwazo.

Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zonjiniyela benuzi abasebenza ezindaweni ezahlukene kulo mkhakha:

  • Izazi ze-reactor
  • Osokhemisi abaphendulayo
  • Abaklami bamafutha
  • Ochwepheshe bezinsimbi (isb., izinzwa)
  • Abasebenzi bezokuphepha/Abahloli/Abalawuli
  • Ososayensi bezinto ezibonakalayo (abasebenza ngokulahlwa kwemfucuza yenuzi).

14. Ubunjiniyela Bezinto ezibonakalayo 

  • Ibanga lomholo: $ 72,000- $ 200,000
  • Amathuba emisebenzi: Uchwepheshe we-CAD, unjiniyela wokudizayina, Unjiniyela Wezinto Zokusebenza, I-Metallurgist, usosayensi wokuthuthukisa umkhiqizo/inqubo, kanye nososayensi woCwaningo.

Izinto zokwakha yizinto okwenziwa ngazo izinto. Zibuye zisetshenziselwe ukwenza zonke izinto ezisemhlabeni wethu, okuhlanganisa abantu nezakhiwo.

Kubunjiniyela bezinto ezibonakalayo, uzofunda ukuthi uzifunda kanjani izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezingeni le-microscopic futhi uqonde ukuthi ziziphatha kanjani ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene.

Lesi sifundo sizokufundisa ngezakhiwo zezinsimbi njengensimbi ne-aluminium kanye nezinto eziyinhlanganisela njengokhuni noma ipulasitiki.

Izophinde ikunikeze ukuqonda ukuthi lezi zinto zisebenza kanjani ndawonye ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene njengezimoto noma izindiza.

15. Ubunjiniyela beSoftware

  • Ibanga lomholo: $ 63,000- $ 131,000
  • Amathuba emisebenzi: Umthuthukisi wezinhlelo zokusebenza, umhlaziyi wezokuphepha we-Cyber, Umthuthukisi wegeyimu, Umphathi wezinhlelo zolwazi, umeluleki we-IT, umhleli we-Multimedia, kanye nonjiniyela wewebhu.

Ubunjiniyela besoftware ukusetshenziswa kobunjiniyela ekuthuthukisweni kwesoftware.

Igama elithi "software engineering" laqala ukusetshenziswa ngo-1959 ngunjiniyela waseMelika kanye nomlobi wezinganekwane zesayensi uWillard V. Swann, owabhala isihloko se-IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering enesihloko esithi "Software Engineering Reflections".

Ubunjiniyela besofthiwe buphathelene nokuklama, ukuthuthukiswa, nokuhlolwa kwesofthiwe.

Kuhlanganisa izici zesayensi yekhompiyutha kanye nezinye iziyalo ezifana nezibalo nezilimi, kodwa futhi kudonsela kakhulu ezindleleni ezivela kwezinye isayensi ezihlanganisa ukusebenza kwengqondo, izibalo, ezomnotho, kanye nesayensi yezokuhlalisana kwabantu.

16. Ubunjiniyela Bamarobhothi

  • Ibanga lomholo: $ 78,000- $ 130,000
  • Amathuba emisebenzi: Ilawula unjiniyela, umklami we-CAD, unjiniyela wemishini, unjiniyela wokukhiqiza, unjiniyela we-Hydraulic, unjiniyela wokuklama, kanye nososayensi wedatha.

I-Robotics Engineering igatsha lobunjiniyela eligxile ekwakhiweni, ekwakhiweni nasekusebenzeni kwamarobhothi.

Ibuye isetshenziswe ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni, ekukhiqizeni nasekuhloleni indawo.

Onjiniyela bamarobhothi baklama amarobhothi ukuze enze imisebenzi ethile efana nokuqoqa idatha noma ukusiza abantu benze imisebenzi enzima kakhulu noma eyingozi kubo bodwa.

Amarobhothi angasetshenziswa kwezokunakekelwa kwempilo (e-health) kanye nasembonini, abuye ahlolwe endaweni engaphandle ngoba kungaba lula ukuthumela abantu phezulu uma besizwa amarobhothi esikhundleni sabantu.

17. Ubunjiniyela Bezinto Zomhlaba

  • Ibanga lomholo: $ 81,000- $ 122,000
  • Amathuba emisebenzi: Unjiniyela wokumba, unjiniyela wamandla, unjiniyela wezemvelo, umhloli wezokumbiwa phansi, umphathi we-Quarry, kanye nomeluleki we-Sustainability.

I-Geology isayensi ebanzi egxile ekwakhiweni, ukwakheka, kanye nokuvela kwezinto eziwuqweqwe lomhlaba.

Onjiniyela bokwakheka komhlaba basebenzisa lolu lwazi ukuze baklame izakhiwo, amabhuloho, nezinye izakhiwo ukuze bahlangabezane nezidingo zabantu.

Onjiniyela bomhlaba bangase benze umsebenzi ezindaweni ezikude, ngokuvamile esimweni sezulu esibi kakhulu kanye nezimo zezwe.

Bangase futhi basebenze emayini yamalahle noma indawo yomthombo kawoyela lapho kufanele bahlele khona izindlela zokuhlola indawo engaphansi komhlaba njengokumba emadwaleni aqukethe izinsiza zemvelo ezibalulekile (njengowoyela) noma amakhemikhali ayingozi (njengegesi).

18. Ubunjiniyela bezoLimo

  • Ibanga lomholo: $ 68,000- $ 122,000
  • Amathuba emisebenzi: Unjiniyela wokukhiqiza ezolimo, unjiniyela wocwaningo lwezoLimo, unjiniyela we-Biosystems, unjiniyela wezokongiwa kwemvelo, uchwepheshe wezoLimo, kanye nochwepheshe bomhlaba.

Ubunjiniyela bezoLimo ukusetshenziswa kwezimiso zobunjiniyela ekwakhiweni, ekwakhiweni nasekusebenzeni kwemishini yezolimo, izinhlelo zokunisela, izakhiwo zamapulazi kanye nezindawo zokucubungula.

Onjiniyela bezolimo baziwa nangokuthi “onjiniyela bamapulazi” noma “omakhenikha bezolimo”.

Onjiniyela bezolimo bathuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu ukuze abalimi benze izitshalo zabo zikhule ngokushesha noma kangcono.

Bafunda ukuthi izilwane zingondliwa kanjani ngokuphumelelayo ukuze kube nokudla okwanele kwawo wonke umuntu.

Bangase basebenze ezindleleni ezintsha ezingawasebenzisi nhlobo amanzi esikhundleni sokuwasebenzisa kuphela lapho edingeka (njengamafafaza).

19. Ubunjiniyela Besistimu

  • Ibanga lomholo: $ 97,000- $ 116,000 
  • Amathuba emisebenzi: Umlawuli Wenethiwekhi, Unjiniyela Wesoftware Yabasebenzi, Unjiniyela Wezinhlelo, Umqondisi Wezobuchwepheshe, unjiniyela wezinhlelo zeMishini, kanye Nonjiniyela Wokwakha.

Ubunjiniyela besistimu isiyalo esigxile ekwakhiweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezinhlelo, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezingxenye kulawa masistimu.

Ubunjiniyela bezinhlelo buyinhlanganisela yeminye imikhakha eminingi ehlanganisa ubunjiniyela bemishini, ugesi, amakhemikhali, i-civil, kanye nobunjiniyela besoftware.

Onjiniyela bezinhlelo bathatha amaphrojekthi afaka amasistimu ayinkimbinkimbi lapho ubuchwepheshe obuhlukene kufanele buhlanganiswe ndawonye ukuze bakhe umkhiqizo noma isevisi iyonke.

Bangase basebenze nabanye onjiniyela emisebenzini ethile efana ne-hardware design noma i-software programming kodwa futhi badinga ukuqonda ukuthi lezi zinto zisebenza kanjani endaweni yabo ukuze bakwazi ukusebenzisa izindlela ezifanele ngokusekelwe kulokho okuhlangenwe nakho.

20. Ubunjiniyela bezemvelo

  • Ibanga lomholo: $ 60,000- $ 110,000
  • Amathuba emisebenzi: Umphathi wephrojekthi yamanzi, Unjiniyela Wezemvelo, Umqondisi Wezempilo Nokuphepha Kwezemvelo, Uchwepheshe Wokuthobela Ezemvelo, Umhloli Womhlaba, kanye nomsebenzisi wesikhungo sokuhlanza Amanzi.

Ubunjiniyela bezemvelo igatsha lobunjiniyela bomphakathi obubhekene nokulungisa izindawo ezingcolisiwe, ukuklanywa kwengqalasizinda kamasipala, nokuthuthukiswa kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo.

Onjiniyela bezemvelo basebenzela ukuvikela impilo yabantu kanye nemvelo ngokunikeza izixazululo ezisebenzayo zokuphatha izindaba zemfucuza ngaphakathi komkhakha wabo.

Onjiniyela bezemvelo bavamise ukusebenzisa isofthiwe yokumodela ye-3D njenge-Autocad noma i-SolidWorks ukuze bakhe amamodeli wezinhlelo zabo ezihlongozwayo ngaphambi kokuba zakhiwe empeleni.

Baphinde balungise imibiko ngezinkinga ezingase zibe khona zokungcola okungenzeka kusuka kulawa masistimu ngokusebenzisa idatha yamaphrojekthi wangaphambilini kanye nezibalo zamanje mayelana nekhwalithi yomoya ezindaweni ezithile lapho zizotholakala khona (ngokwesibonelo i-New York City).

Imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa:

Uyini umehluko phakathi kweziqu zobunjiniyela kanye neziqu zesayensi yekhompyutha?

Ezingeni labo eliyisisekelo, uhlelo lobunjiniyela lugxile ekuxazululeni izinkinga kuyilapho uhlelo lwesayensi yekhompyutha lugxile kumakhono okuhlela.

Yimaphi amakhono okufanele ngibe nawo emsebenzini wobunjiniyela?

Kuya ngokuthi ufuna ukuba luhlobo luni lukanjiniyela. Ezinye izikhundla zidinga ulwazi olukhethekile olungase lungabi wusizo kwezinye izindima. Nokho, ngokujwayelekile, kufanele ube namakhono aqinile ezibalo nesayensi kanye nolwazi lokuhlela ikhompyutha kanye nekhono elihle kakhulu lokubhala.

Yini Eyenza Unjiniyela Omuhle?

Onjiniyela benza umhlaba ube yindawo engcono ngokuxazulula izinkinga nokuklama izixazululo. Onjiniyela basebenzisa izibalo, isayensi, ukuklama, nobuhlakani ukuze bathole izixazululo eziphephile, ezethembekile, ezisebenza kahle, ezisimeme, nezinobungani nemvelo. Babuza ukuthi uma? okuningi bese beklama imibono yabo noma izinto eziqanjiwe ukuze zisebenze kahle emhlabeni wangempela.

Benzani Onjiniyela?

Onjiniyela banesibopho sokuklama, ukukhiqiza, nokugcina zonke izinhlobo zemikhiqizo. Basebenza kukho konke kusukela ezikhungweni zokuhlanza amanzi kuya kumajethi okulwa. Onjiniyela badinga ukuqeqeshwa okuningi kwezibalo nesayensi, ngakho-ke bavame ukudlulela ekolishi futhi baphothule esikoleni ngaphambi kokuba basebenze kulo mkhakha. Onjiniyela nabo badinga ubuhlakani, ngoba bavame ukucabanga izindlela ezintsha zokuxazulula izinkinga noma ukuklama imikhiqizo emisha.

Siphakamisa futhi:

Isiphetho:

Ikusasa lobunjiniyela liqhakazile. Namuhla, abafundi bobunjiniyela baphishekela imisebenzi emikhakheni eyahlukene futhi bathola imali eningi.

Ubunjiniyela yinkambu enkulu okufanele iphishekele. Namuhla, ungathola imali enhle ngokwenza lokho okuthandayo.

Sithemba ukuthi le ndatshana isize ekukhanyiseleni izinjongo zakho zomsebenzi nokuthi yiziphi izifundo ezingafanelana kangcono nazo.

IZIHLOKO EZIHLOBENEOkuningi okuvela kumbhali